物理奥林匹克竞赛实验专题

第 1 0期试题解答用直尺在坐标纸上画一直线 (用 A表示 ) ,放置棱镜使其长直角边所对的棱 C与该直线重合 .棱镜的横截面剖析图如图 1所示 (虚线三角形表示棱镜的初位置 ) .眼睛沿斜边注视该直线 ,并保持眼睛位置 (用 B表示 )不变 .然后 ,在纸面上沿箭头方向平移棱镜 ,至眼睛能看到棱镜的棱边 C为止 .这说明棱边 C发出的光线至D点折射后 ,进入眼睛 B.用笔划出这条棱边C、D及 E的位置 .设长直角边与空气界面的入射角为 β,AE=b,CE=c,DE=h.于是有图 1　三棱镜横截面剖析图hb=tan60°,　 hc=tanβ整理得tanβ=3 bc ( 1 )由折射定律有nsin…     

非均匀介质对强激光传播的影响

以强激光应用在化学工程中所遇到的物理问题为背景，研究介质的热透镜效应、吸收强弱、吸收饱和程度以及介质的流动等因素对激光传播的影响。根据一组简化模型，提出了描述光场行为的方程组，给出了不同情况下介质的温度分布情况、光线在介质中的变化行为以及激光光强的分布化情况。所得结果，对光化学工程设计有一定的参考价值。     

短寿命核转轮传送装置

在中国原子能科学研究院的串列式静电加速器上建立了传送短寿命核的转轮装置,可用于鉴别和研究寿命短至几秒的核素．该装置已用于新的缺中子核素９０Ｒｕ的鉴别及其半衰期和衰变γ的测量． A wheel device for transporting short-lived nuclei has been constructed at the HI-13 tandem accelerator of CIAE. The device can be used in the identification and investigation of nuclides with life-times as short as a few seconds. With the aid of this device a new nutron-deficient nuclide 90Ru has been identified. Its half-life and decay γ-rays have been measured.     

结构应力耦合的微悬臂阵列

微悬臂器件被广泛应用于力学显微镜和光力学研究中,实现微悬臂之间的耦合在高精密测量和量子声子网络构建方面具有重要的应用前景。不同于通过电、磁相互作用实现微纳共振器之间耦合的方法,设计并制备了通过结构应力实现耦合的微悬臂阵列。模拟和实验结果表明,这种结构应力耦合微悬臂阵列不仅可以获得较大的耦合强度和较高的力学性能,同时悬臂之间的耦合强度也容易控制。对于其它形式的微纳共振器,同样可以利用结构应力耦合这种方法来实现共振器之间耦合的阵列。     

镨铁硼低温波荡器机械结构的传热分析

对镨铁硼材料在低温和室温下的热学和力学物性进行了测量;使用实测的镨铁硼物性并结合数值模拟的方法对镨铁硼低温波荡器的传热特性进行了分析;结果表明,磁极和磁极夹持机构与磁铁间的热传导是冷却磁铁的关键因素,冷却管道宜采用双通道同向并联的方式。使用该设计通过液氮可以冷却磁铁至82K,同时能够控制由于温差带来的磁极间相位误差小于0.1度,满足镨铁硼低温波荡器设计要求。     

冲击波测试系统的动态建模及应用

若测试系统的带宽不能完全覆盖冲击波信号的有效带宽,就会存在较大的动态误差。根据冲击波测试系统的激波管动态校准实验数据,建立了冲击波测试系统动态数学模型,设计了动态校正数字滤波器。仿真结果表明,动态校正滤波器明显提高了系统动态响应的快速性,展宽了工作频带。实弹测试结果显示,校正滤波器能提高冲击波测试的精度和可靠性。该方法能有效消除动态误差,提高测试数据的准确性。     

农药丁吡吗啉与腐殖酸作用机理探讨

探讨农药丁吡吗啉与腐殖酸的作用机理, 可进一步了解农药在土壤中腐殖酸催化下降解的行为过程。将市售腐殖酸进行逐级分离,获得黄腐酸、棕腐酸和黑腐酸的固态或溶液状态,而后分别与农药丁吡吗啉进行作用,利用红外,荧光两种分析方法对其作用机理进行了解释。结果表明,三组分与丁吡吗啉之间广泛存在范德华力、次级键等弱作用力。黄腐酸与丁吡吗啉之间存在氢键和电荷转移吸附等作用力,棕腐酸与丁吡吗啉存在电荷转移吸附等作用力,黑腐酸与丁吡吗啉之间的作用力最弱,即依照黄腐酸、棕腐酸、黑腐酸三组分平均分子量依次递增的顺序,与农药丁吡吗啉之间的作用力依次降低。     

Measurement of Gamma-Rays from 11ΛB and 12ΛC

From the ^12 C（π^＋,K^＋）^12 AC reaction the γ -rays of 261.6±0.24 ke V（7/2^＋ →5/2^＋）and 1481.7±0.7 ke V（1/2^＋ →5/2^＋） of ^11 A B,and 2667.3±2.8 keV（1^- 2 → 2^- 1）of ^12 A C hypernuclei have been identified using a large germanium detector array Hyperball2 at K6 beam line of KEK. The observed energies of the transitions 1481.7keV and 261.6 keV are significantly different from the values predicted by the shell model using the △ and SN parameters determined from the ^7 △ Li data.     

Measurement and analysis of fission rates in a spherical mockup of uranium and polyethylene

Measurements of the reaction rate distribution were carried out using two kinds of Plate Micro Fission Chamber （PMFC）. The first is a depleted uranium chamber and the second an enriched uranium chamber. The material in the depleted uranium chamber is strictly the same as the material in the uranium assembly. With the equation solution to conduct the isotope contribution correction, the fission rate of 238U and 235U were obtained from the fission rate of depleted uranium and enriched uranium. Then, the fission count of 238U and 235U in an individual uranium shell was obtained. In this work, MCNP5 and continuous energy cross sections ENDF/BV.0 were used for the analysis of fission rate distribution and fission count. The calculated results were compared with the experimental ones. The calculation of fission rate of DU and EU were found to agree with the measured ones within 10% except at the positions in polyethylene region and the two positions near the outer surface. Because the fission chamber was not considered in the calculation of the fission counts of 238U and 235U, the calculated results did not agree well with the experimental ones.     

145Er的β延发质子衰变性质研究

通过92Mo(58Ni, 2p3n)熔合蒸发反应生成了非常缺中子核145Er。利用氦喷嘴带传输系统把研究目标核传输到低本底测量站, 进行了质子 γ符合测量, 得到了不受同量异位素干扰的145Er的β延发质子谱。经过仔细分析与延发质子符合的γ谱, 发现了145Er的11/2-同核异能态具有β延发质子衰变性质。经拟合退激144Dy不同激发态γ跃迁的衰变曲线, 得出145Er的1/2+基态和11/2-同核异能态的半衰期分别为(1.6±0.6)和(0.6±0.1) s。最后, 简单介绍了中重质量区缺中子新核素的合成及衰变研究计划。The neutron deficient isotope 145Er was produced via the fusion evaporation reaction 92Mo(58Ni, 2p3n). The reaction products were transported to a low background counting area using a He jet tape transport system, and proton γ coincidence measurements were carried out. Based on the analysis of γ transitions in coincidence with β delayed protons, the β delayed proton decay of an νh11/2 isomer in 145Er was proposed. By fitting the decay curves of the γ transitions depopulating the low lying states in 144Dy, the half lives of the ground state and the νh11/2 isomeric state in 145Er were deduced to be (1.6±0.6) and (0.6±0.1) s, respectively. An experimental plan to synthesize new β delayed proton precursors in the medium heavy mass region has been presented.