Study of Nonlinear Resonance Effect in Paul Trap

In this article, we investigated the nonlinear resonance effect in the Paul trap with a superimposed hexapole field, which was assumed as a perturbation to the quadrupole field. On the basis of the Poincare-Lighthill-Kuo (PLK) perturbation method, ion motional equation, known as nonlinear Mathieu equation (NME) was expressed as the addition of approximation equations in terms of perturbation order. We discussed the frequency characteristics of ion axial-radial (z-r) coupled motion in the nonlinear field, derived the expressions of ion trajectories and nonlinear resonance conditions, and found that the mechanism of nonlinear resonance is similar to the normal resonance. The frequency spectrum of ion motion in nonlinear field includes not only the natural frequency series but also nonlinear introduced frequency series, which provide the driving force for the nonlinear resonance. The nonlinear field and the nonlinear effects are inevitable in practical ion trap experiments. Our method provides better understanding of these nonlinear effects and would be helpful for the instrumentation for ion trap mass spectrometers.      

Single-Ion Conduction and Electrochemical Characteristics of Poly (Oxyethylene)/ Lithium Methoxy Oligo(Oxyethylene) Sulfate Blend

Abstract

The ion conduction of a blend of poly(oxyethylene) (PEO) and lithium methoxy oligo(oxyethylene) sulfate (SAL₈) and its electrochemical characteristics were studied. The maximum ambient conductivity of the blend reaches 1.2 × 10^?6 S/cm. The blend exhibits single-ion conduction, excellent mechanical performance, and electrochemical stability. A battery of Li/PEO + SAL₈/Li_1+xV₃O₈ has a constant discharge capacity at different discharge current densities up to a certain voltage, while the discharge capacity of Li/P (MEO_16-AM) + LiClO₄/Li_1+xV₃O₈ decreases with an increase of the discharge current density.     

Recognition of Guanine by a Designed Triazine-based Fluorescent Probe through Intermolecular Multiple Hydrogen Bonding

A new fluorescent probe with a long-wavelength emission and multiple hydrogen bond sites for guanine, 3-(4-chloro-6-p-nitrophenoxy-1,3,5-triazinylamino)-7-dimethylamino-2-methylphenazine (CNTDP), was designed and synthesized by using cyanuric chloride as a molecular scaffold, neutral red as a fluorophore and p-nitrophenol as an assistant unit. The recognition behavior of CNTDP for guanine and its spectroscopic properties in different solvents were investigated. It was found that the probe's fluorescence can be selectively quenched by guanine instead of thymine, indicating that fully complementary hydrogen bonding plays a key role in such a recognition process. In addition, the fluorescence quenching mechanism of the probe by guanine and the electronic effects of neutral red, triazine ring and p-nitrophenol moieties on the fluorescence of the whole molecule were also discussed.     

高碘酸氧化法快速测定进口粗甘油中甘油含量

建立了高碘酸氧化法快速测定进口粗甘油中甘油含量的分析方法。对高碘酸钠加入量、溶液pH值和放置时间等主要影响因素进行了考察。经试验确定了最佳实验条件:质量浓度为60 g/L的高碘酸钠溶液加入量35mL,pH值在0.4～1.6之间,放置时间40 min。在选定实验条件下,该方法测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.26%(n=7),加标回收率为97.2%～104.1%。     

Use of neutral capillaries for the enantioseparation of N‐benzoylated amino acids by capillary electrophoresis with bromobalhimycin as chiral selector

In this study, the partial filling technique on both polycationic polymer hexadimethrine bromide (HDB) modified capillary and eCAP neutral capillary were systematically compared in order to enhance the enantioseparation ability of bromobalhimycin as CE additive. The separation conditions, such as pH, the plug length, and the concentration of bromobalhimycin, etc., were optimized in order to obtain satisfactory separations. As expected, for all tested 28 N‐benzoylated amino acids, up to five times higher enantioresolutions were obtained on the eCAP neutral capillary compared to that on the polycationic polymer hexadimethrine bromide modified capillary. Moreover, 26 of 28 tested racemic compounds were almost baseline‐ resolved without observing any interference from the front of the plug of bromobalhimycin. Although the limitation of longer running time on the neutral capillary, it allows the use of higher content of bromobalhimycin in the running buffer without any interference on the detection of analytes when enantioseparations are more difficult to obtain.     

HPLC-DAD data coupled with second-order calibration method applied to food analysis: Simultaneous determination of six benzoylurea insecticides in various fruit samples by selecting time region of chromatogram

This work presents a novel application of second-order calibration based on self-weighted alternating trilinear decomposition(SWATLD)algorithm for analyzing the HPLC-DAD data.The proposed method makes it possible to simultaneously determine teflubenzuron,hexaflumuron,flufenoxuron,chlorfluazuron,diflubenzuron and benzoylurea in different fruit samples,i.e.pear,apple and banana,in the selected time region of chromatogram.The concentration,elution time and spectral information of these benzoylurea insecticides are selectively extracted from complex matrices even in the presence of unknown interferences.The root-mean-square error of prediction(RMSEP)and figures of merit,including sensitivity(SEN),selectivity(SEL)and limit of detection(LOD)are employed to access the performance of the method.The LODs obtained for these insecticides are within the range 0.017–0.26 ppm in pears,0.039–0.33 ppm in apples,0.041–0.44 ppm in bananas,respectively.Such a chemometrics-based protocol holds great potential to be extended as a promising alternative for more practical applications in food safety and quality monitoring.     

Mild and Efficient Procedure for Michael Addition of N-Heterocycles to α,β-Unsaturated Compounds Using Anhydrous K3PO4 as Catalyst

Imidazole, 1,2,4-triazole, indole, and benzotriazole undergo conjugate additions with α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds in the presence of anhydrous potassium phosphate at ambient temperature to afford the corresponding Michael adducts in excellent yields.     

Removal of uranium(VI) from aqueous solutions by carboxyl-rich hydrothermal carbon spheres through low-temperature heat treatment in air

Carboxyl-rich hydrothermal carbon spheres were prepared by simply heating pristine hydrothermal carbon spheres (HCSs) at lower temperature in air, and the textural properties were characterized using Boehm titrations, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) and elemental-analysis. The result of Boehm titrations indicated that the content of carboxyl groups on HCSs increased significantly from 0.53 to 3.81 mmol/g after heat-treatment at 300 °C, which was also confirmed by FT-IR and EA qualitatively. The ability of heat-treated HCSs has been explored for the removal and recovery of uranium from aqueous solutions, and the influences of different experimental parameters, such as heat-treatment temperature, contact time and ionic strength, on adsorption were investigated. The U(VI) sorption capacity of HCSs increased from 55.0 to 179.95 mg/g after heat-treatment at 300 °C for 5 h. Selective adsorption studies showed that the heat-treated HCSs could selectively remove U(VI), and the selectivity coefficients were improved after heat-treatment in the presence of co-existing ions, Na(I), Ni(II), Sr(II), Mn(II), Mg(II) and Zn(II). The adsorbent HCSs could be effectively regenerated by 0.05 mol/L HCl solution for the removal and recovery of U(VI). Complete removal (99.0 %) of U(VI) from 1.0 L industry wastewater containing 15.0 mg U(VI) ions was possible with 5.0 g heat-treated HCSs. In addition, a reaction mechanism for newly generating carboxyl groups on pristine HCSs surface during heat-treatment process and uranyl ion interaction with carboxyl-rich hydrothermal carbon spheres were also supposed.     

Biomass Composition, Lipid Characterization, and Metabolic Profile Analysis of the Fed-Batch Fermentation Process of Two Different Docosahexanoic Acid Producing Schizochytrium sp. Strains

Growth and fermentation characteristics, biomass composition, lipid characterization and metabolic profiling analysis of two different Schizochytrium sp. strains, the original strain and the industrial adaptive strain, were investigated in the fed-batch fermentation process. The final cell biomass, total lipids content, docosahexanoic acid (DHA) content and DHA productivity of the adaptive strain were much higher than those of the original strain. The metabolic distinctions which extensively existed between these two strains were revealed by the score plot of principal component analysis. In addition, potential biomarkers responsible for discriminating different strains were identified as myo-inositol, histidine, alanine, asparagine, cysteine, and oxalic acid. These findings provided new insights into the industrial strain screening and further improvement of DHA production by Schizochytrium sp.