Martingale solutions of nematic liquid crystals driven by pure jump noise in the Marcus canonical form

In this work we consider a stochastic evolution equation which describes the system governing the nematic liquid crystals driven by a pure jump noise in the Marcus canonical form. The existence of a martingale solution is proved for both 2D and 3D cases. The construction of the solution relies on a modified Faedo–Galerkin method based on the Littlewood–Paley-decomposition, compactness method and the Jakubowski version of the Skorokhod representation theorem for non-metric spaces. We prove that in the 2-D case the martingale solution is pathwise unique and hence deduce the existence of a strong solution.     

Field-Induced and Surface-Catalyzed Formation of N2H Ions

Using H₂-N₂ mixed gases, high-electric-field-induced formation of ions such as N₂ ⁺ and N₂H⁺ on a surface of gold has been investigated in the pulsed-laser time-of-flight atom-probe field ion microscope. The N₂H⁺ ions are found from the lattice steps of the surface in the range (30-40) V/nm. The formation of the ions depends not only on the applied field strength, but also on the atomic structure of the substrate. By applying theoretical values of the binding energy and ionization potentials of N₂H, as calculated by the ab initio method and using measurements of the energy distributions of the N₂ ⁺ and N₂H⁺ ions, several conclusions can be drawn.     

(E)-4-alkoxycarbonylalkylthiochalcones: differentiation of isomeric derivatives by electron ionization mass spectrometry

The principal fragmentation pathways of the molecular ions of 18 new (E)-4-alkoxycarbonylalkylthiochalcones have been investigated. It has been shown that the data derived from electron ionization mass spectra (the relative abundance of the fragment ions and values of coefficients micro) can be used to differentiate the isomers. The fragmentation rules deduced here could help in the characterization of other chalcones of these types.     

Structural characterization and differentiation of isomeric omega-bromoalkoxy derivatives of (E)-chalcone by means of mass spectrometry

Mass spectrometry with electron ionization and electrospray ionization have been applied to characterize and differentiate the isomeric ortho-, meta- or para-(E)-bromoalkyloxychalcones 1-15. The difference in the values of micro1-micro5 (i.e. the ratio of abundances of the selected fragment ions to those of the molecular ions) in the series of isomeric chalcones studied and the so-called "in-source" fragmentation induced by increasing cone voltage have been found to be important and reliable indicators differentiating the isomers studied.     

Survival of bovine fibroblasts and cumulus cells after vitrification

The aim of the experiment was to investigate the effect of vitrification on viability and the cell cycle of bovine cumulus cells and fibroblasts after culture with or without serum starvation. In all vitrified-thawed bovine somatic cells, the number of samples that reached the confluence stage was high (50 to 100%). The viability of vitrified somatic cells depended on the concentration of the cells. The viability was higher for cells vitrified at the concentration of 10 x 10(6) per ml than for cells vitrified at a concentration of 1 x 10(6) per ml (p < 0.05; for cumulus cell, and fibroblast). Time of cell starving has had no impact on their susceptibility to vitrification in case of vitrified cumulus cells. Starving time caused shifts in proportions of subsequent cell cycle phases of vitrified fibroblasts and cumulus cells. In conclusion, the bovine cumulus and fibroblast cells can be cryopreserved successfully by vitrification procedure.     

Volumetric Properties of Some Aliphatic Mono- and Dicarboxylic Acids in Water at 298.15 K

The apparent molar volumes, V _φ , of two series of homologous aliphatic carboxylic acids, H(CH₂) _n COOH [n=0–5] and (CH₂) _n (COOH)₂ [n=0–5], were determined in dilute aqueous solutions by density measurements at T=298.15 K. Densities were measured using a vibrating-tube densimeter (DMA 5000, Anton Paar, Austria) at T=298.15 K. These results were used to calculate the apparent molar volumes of each solute over the concentration range 0.0050≤m/(mol⋅kg⁻¹)≤0.3000. Values of the apparent molar volumes of undissociated acids V_f(u)⁰V_{\phi (u)}^{0} were also calculated. The variation of V_f(u)⁰V_{\phi (u)}^{0} was determined as a function of the aliphatic chain length of the studied carboxylic acids.     

Computer Retrieval of Spectral Data

Abstract

In the last few years the empirical interpretation of a spectrum and the quality of information gained from it can be sufficient for the demands of contemporary chemistry. The overall progress in computerization of chemistry and particularly the development of a new scientific discipline-chemical informatics [1]-allows one to apply a new approach of spectra explanation known as computer retrieval of spectral data. Here the usual meaning of “retrieval” is extended to the disclosure of abstract information hidden in various spectral curves.     

Mass spectrometric study of amino acid–triethylborane chelates

Abstract  Synthesis of chelates from selected l-amino acids and triethylborane, and the mass spectra of the chelates, are described. Conditions for forming dimers between the chelates and the sodium ion are discussed, and structures are proposed for the dimers. Graphical abstract        

Closed set of the uniqueness conditions and bifurcation criteria in generalized coupled thermoplasticity for small deformations

This paper reports the results of a study into global and local conditions of uniqueness and the criteria excluding the possibility of bifurcation of the equilibrium state for small strains. The conditions and criteria are derived on the basis of an analysis of the problem of uniqueness of a solution involving the basic incremental boundary problem of coupled generalized thermo-elasto-plasticity. This work forms a follow-up of previous research (?loderbach in Bifurcations criteria for equilibrium states in generalized thermoplasticity, IFTR Reports, 1980, Arch Mech 3(35):337–349, 351–367, 1983), but contains a new derivation of global and local criteria excluding a possibility of bifurcation of an equilibrium state regarding a comparison body dependent on the admissible fields of stress rate. The thermal elasto-plastic coupling effects, non-associated laws of plastic flow and influence of plastic strains on thermoplastic properties of a body were taken into account in this work. Thus, the mathematical problem considered here is not a self-conjugated problem.