Vector Bundle-Valued Poisson and Cauchy Kernel Functions on Classical Domains

In this paper we investigate the vector bundle-valued Cauchy and Poisson kernel functions. We compute explicitly matrix-valued eigenfunctions of an invariant differential operator on the classical domain of Type I. Furthermore, a special choice of a vector bundle gives us a matrix-valued Cauchy and Poisson kernel function which satisfies the matrix-valued Laplacian operator on the classical domain of Type I.     

Au nanodot lattices with well‐controlled size and density for thin organic solar cells

Size, shape, and density‐controlled metal nanostructure, Au nanodot lattices fabricated by electron beam lithography, were embedded in thin organic solar cell consisting of PC₇₁BM:PCPDTBT. The effects of their size and density on device performance were examined. Even though dipole res‐onances of Au nanodots were consistent with the absorption range of the active materials, there were no improvements in device performance under any sizes and densities. In addition, under high volume density of Au nanodots to PEDOT:PSS layer, the device performance was deteriorated. These results indicated that not only size and density but also other factors which determine light scattering characteristics greatly affect the device performance of solar cells. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Benchmark results in vector atmospheric radiative transfer

In this paper seven vector radiative transfer codes are inter-compared for the case of underlying black surface. They include three techniques based on the discrete ordinate method (DOM), two Monte-Carlo methods, the successive orders scattering method, and a modified doubling-adding technique. It was found that all codes give very similar results. Therefore, we were able to produce benchmark results for the Stokes parameters both for reflected and transmitted light in the cases of molecular, aerosol and cloudy multiply scattering media. It was assumed that the single scattering albedo is equal to one. Benchmark results have been provided by several studies before, including Coulson et al. [22], Garcia and Siewert [7], [8], Wauben and Hovenier [10], and Natraj et al. [11] among others. However, the case of the elongated phase functions such as for a cloud and with a high angular resolution is presented here for the first time. Also in difference with other studies, we make inter-comparisons using several codes for the same input dataset, which enables us to quantify the corresponding errors more accurately.     

Matrix formulations of radiative transfer including the polarization effect in a coupled atmosphere-ocean system

A vector radiative transfer model has been developed for a coupled atmosphere-ocean system. The radiative transfer scheme is based on the discrete ordinate and matrix operator methods. The reflection/transmission matrices and source vectors are obtained for each atmospheric or oceanic layer through the discrete ordinate solution. The vertically inhomogeneous system is constructed using the matrix operator method, which combines the radiative interaction between the layers. This radiative transfer scheme is flexible for a vertically inhomogeneous system including the oceanic layers as well as the ocean surface. Compared with the benchmark results, the computational error attributable to the radiative transfer scheme has been less than 0.1% in the case of eight discrete ordinate directions. Furthermore, increasing the number of discrete ordinate directions has produced computations with higher accuracy. Based on our radiative transfer scheme, simulations of sun glint radiation have been presented for wavelengths of 670 nm and 1.6 μm. Results of simulations have shown reasonable characteristics of the sun glint radiation such as the strongly peaked, but slightly smoothed radiation by the rough ocean surface and depolarization through multiple scattering by the aerosol-loaded atmosphere. The radiative transfer scheme of this paper has been implemented to the numerical model named Pstar as one of the OpenCLASTR/STAR radiative transfer code systems, which are widely applied to many radiative transfer problems, including the polarization effect.     

A novel dual antagonist of thromboxane A2 and leukotriene D4 receptors: synthesis and structure-activity relationships of chloroquinolylvinyl derivatives

To discover an orally active thromboxane A(2) (TXA(2)) and leukotriene D(4) (LTD(4)) dual antagonist, we designed and synthesized chloroquinolylvinyl derivatives based on the structures of the TXA(2) antagonist daltroban and the LTD(4) antagonist montelukast. Among these derivatives, 4-{[(2-(4-chlorophenylsulfonylamino)-1-{3-[(E)-2-(7-chloro-2-quinolyl)vinyl]phenyl}ethyl)thio]methyl}benzoic acid (18d) showed potent inhibitory activity against U46619-induced aggregation of guinea pig platelets and LTD(4)-induced contraction in the guinea pig ileum, with IC(50) values of 340 nm and 0.40 nm, respectively. Oral administration of 18 d also inhibited both the LTD(4)-induced acceleration of plasma leakage to skin in guinea pig and the U46619-induced increase in airway resistance in guinea pig with ED(50) values of 0.47 mg/kg and 3.3 mg/kg, respectively.     

A new synthesis of 2-sulfanyl allylic alcohols and alpha-sulfanyl ketones from carbonyl compounds and 1-chloroalkyl p-tolyl sulfoxides with carbon-carbon bond-formation

Reaction of lithium alpha-sulfinyl carbanions of 1-chloroalkyl p-tolyl sulfoxides with ketones or aldehydes at low temperature gave adducts in almost quantitative yields. Treatment of the adducts derived from ketones with trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) in the presence of NaI in acetone gave alpha-sulfanyl allylic alcohols in good to quantitative yields. On the other hand, treatment of the adducts derived from aldehydes with TFAA and NaI resulted in the formation of alpha-sulfanyl ketones and/or alpha-sulfanyl allylic alcohols. These reactions offer a good method for the synthesis of the above-mentioned compounds from ketones and aldehydes with carbon-carbon bond-formation in two steps and in good yields.     

Regioselective alkylation of 2-alkyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3h-cycloheptimidazol-4-ones and 2-alkyl-3h-cycloheptimidazol-4-ones

Regioselective alkylation of 2-alkyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3H-cycloheptimidazol-4-one (1) and 2-alkyl-3H-cycloheptimidazol-4-one (2) was investigated. 3-[2'-(1-tert-Butyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-ylmethyl]-2-propyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1H-cycloheptimidazol-4-one (6) was preferentially obtained under the conditions by using NaH in DMF or THF. On the other hand, 3-[2'-(1-tert-butyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-ylmethyl]-2-propyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3H-cycloheptimidazol-4-one (5), the synthetic intermediate compound of Pratosartan, was obtained selectively in the presence of n-Bu(4)NBr in toluene by using aqueous sodium hydroxide as a base. In this reaction, it was found that the concentration of the alkaline solution influences its regioselectivity. This selectivity was observed even for aldehyde and ester derivatives.     

Chelation-assisted transformation: synthesis of 1,4-dicarboxylate esters by the Rh-catalyzed carbonylation of internal alkynes with pyridin-2-ylmethanol

The reaction of internal alkynes 1 with CO and pyridin-2-ylmethanol (2) in the presence of Rh(4)(CO)(12) results in a double-hydroesterification leading to 1,4-dicarboxylate esters 3. The reaction does not proceed via two consecutive hydroesterifications of alkynes, but the intermediacy of ketene intermediates is proposed. The coordination of the pyridine nitrogen in 2 to rhodium is essential for the reaction to proceed. [reaction: see text]