Water content distribution in a polymer electrolyte membrane for advanced fuel cell system with liquid water supply

To better understand the operation of a new fuel cell design, we used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure the water content distribution in a polymer electrolyte membrane under fuel cell operation with and without a supply of liquid water. The supply of liquid water to the membrane improved the cell performance by increasing the water content in the membrane and thus reducing the electrical resistance of the membrane. The study also showed that MRI is a promising method to investigate the distribution of water in the membrane of a fuel cell under operating conditions.     

Preparation of sterically congested di(4-pyridyl)diazomethanes and characterization of triplet carbenes from them

Di(4-pyridyl)diazomethanes having two and four ortho chlorine groups were prepared, and the triplet carbenes generated from them were characterized by ESR and UV/vis at low temperature and time-resolved UV/vis at room temperature. An appreciable increase in the stability of triplet carbenes is achieved by introducing ortho chlorine groups. [structure: see text]     

Nonameric porphyrin assemblies--formation and intra-assembly energy transfer reactions

The nonameric porphyrin assemblies constructed with the series of free base tetraphenylporphyrins Pn having four pyrazine moieties linked with alkyl chains of different lengths, (CH2)n (n = 1, 5, 9, 17, 30), and dimeric [meso-tetrakis(2-carboxy-4-nonylphenyl)porphyrinato]zinc(II), ZnP2, show the effective light-collection effect and the typical Forster-type energy transfer from ZnP2 to Pn.     

Cryopreservation of in vitro-grown shoot tips of cassava by encapsulation-vitrification method

Shoot tips of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in vitro plantlets were successfully cryopreserved using the encapsulation-vitrification technique. Nodal cuttings of 5 mm length with one leaf were cultured on modified MS medium in Petri dishes (90 mm x 20 mm) for about 28 days. Excised shoot tips were precultured on sucrose enriched (0.3 M) medium for 16 h, encapsulated and osmoprotected with a mixture of 2 M glycerol and 0.6 M sucrose for 90 min at 25 degree c before dehydration with PVS2 at 0 degree C for 4 h, then plunged in liquid nitrogen. Successfully vitrified shoot tips resumed growth within 3 days, without intermediary callus formation, and developed shoots. Shoot tips sampled from 21 day-old plantlets produced the highest survival of 80 %. The percentage survival of vitrified shoot tips differed from 38 to 80 % depending on the day of excision. The protocol was successfully applied to four cultivars of cassava with about 80 % average percentage of survival.     

Low-coherence tandem interferometer for measurement of group refractive index without knowledge of the thickness of the test sample

A new low-coherence interferometric technique is proposed for measuring the group refractive indices of dispersive samples with high accuracy. A tandem configuration of interferometers is used to compensate for the asymmetrical distortion of interferograms that results from the broad spectrum of the light source. The group refractive index can be measured without knowledge of the geometrical thickness of the sample under test. The proposed technique can successfully measure even a thick sample. Computer calculations have shown the effectiveness of the proposed technique, which was verified by preliminary experiments; the difference between the experimental result and the catalog data was 7 x 10(-4).     

Broad-spectrum frequency comb generation and carrier-envelope offset frequency measurement by second-harmonic generation of a mode-locked fiber laser

A frequency comb spanning more than one octave has been achieved by injecting the second-harmonic generation (780 nm) of a mode-locked fiber laser (1.56 microm) into a photonic crystal fiber. We propose and realize a novel interferometric scheme for observing the carrier-envelope offset frequency of the frequency comb. Frequency noise has been observed on the measured carrier-envelope offset frequency, which has been confirmed to be generated in the photonic crystal fiber by comparing the measured beat frequencies between cw lasers and frequency combs before and after the photonic crystal fiber. The mode-locked fiber laser is considered to be an important candidate for the light source used in realizing a compact optical frequency measurement system including applications in the telecommunication bands.     

The Pt-catalyzed carboselenation of alkynes by selenoesters

[reaction: see text] The Pt-catalyzed carboselenation of terminal alkynes with selenoesters provided vinylselenides regio- and stereoselectively in moderate yields.     

Measurement of B(0)(d)-B_(0)(d) mixing rate from the time evolution of dilepton events at the upsilon(4S)

We report a determination of the B(0)(d)-&B_(0)(d) mixing parameter Deltam(d) based on the time evolution of dilepton yields in Upsilon(4S) decays. The measurement is based on a 5.9 fb(-1) data sample collected by the Belle detector at KEKB. The proper-time difference distributions for same-sign and opposite-sign dilepton events are simultaneously fitted to an expression containing Deltam(d) as a free parameter. Using both muons and electrons, we obtain Deltam(d) = 0.463+/-0.008 (stat)+/-0.016 (syst) ps(-1). This is the first determination of Deltam(d) from time evolution measurements at the Upsilon(4S). We also place limits on possible CPT violations.     

Observation of large CP violation in the neutral B meson system

We present a measurement of the standard model CP violation parameter sin2 phi(1) based on a 29.1 fb(-1) data sample collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e(+)e(-) collider. One neutral B meson is fully reconstructed as a J/psi K(S), psi(2S)K(S), chi(c1)K(S), eta(c)K(S), J/psi K(L), or J/psi K(*0) decay and the flavor of the accompanying B meson is identified from its decay products. From the asymmetry in the distribution of the time intervals between the two B meson decay points, we determine sin2 phi(1) = 0.99+/-0.14(stat)+/-0.06(syst). We conclude that we have observed CP violation in the neutral B meson system.