Spectral characteristics of a microwave radar signal backscattered by the sea surface at small incidence angles

We present a theoretical analysis of the Doppler-spectrum properties of a microwave radar signal scattered by the sea surface at small incidence angles. The dependences of Doppler-spectrum width and shift on the wind velocity and wave development stage and their azimuthal dependence are analyzed. The case of mixed sea (wind wave plus swell) is also considered. The JONSWAP spectrum model is used to describe sea waves. The study shows that Doppler-spectrum parameters are sensitive to variation of sea-surface state; for example, for the case of developed sea waves, an increase in wind velocity by 1 m/sec leads to increases in the Doppler-spectrum width and shift by 15 Hz and 3 Hz, respectively. It is shown that for the case of a moving radar the Doppler spectrum remains sensitive to variation of sea- surface state with a sufficiently narrow radar directivity pattern. Estimates show that in the case of a single sea- wave system on the surface, using Doppler-spectrum parameters we can, in principle, determine wave type (developing wind wave, developed wind wave, or swell), dominant wavelength, wave propagation direction, and wave height; wind velocity, direction, and acceleration distance can be determined for wind waves.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 39, No. 5, pp. 517–526, May, 1996.This paper was supported by the Russian Foundation for Fundamental Research (project 93-02-15892).     

GRIF-1 experiment on board the SPEKTR/MIR orbital complex: Study of solar X-ray,gamma-ray,and neutron flares and correlation of magnetosphere-charged particle fluxes with solar activity

The SPEKTR module of the MIR orbital station was launched in May 1995. The multipurpose experiment was based on the GRIF-1 research complex consisting of an oriented X-ray spectrometer, a spectrometer of gamma-quanta and neutrons, a spectrometer of electrons and protons with a large geometrical factor, and a spectrometer of electrons, protons, and nuclei with a small geometrical factor. The solar geophysical aspects of the experiment included the measurements of spectral and temporal parameters of solar hard electromagnetic (0.01–50 MeV) and neutron (>20 MзB) radiation, the study of spectral, temporal, and spatial characteristics of energetic electrons (0.04–1.5 MeV), protons, and nuclei (1–200 MeV/nucleon) in the circumterrestrial space, as well as the correlations of these parameters with solar activity phenomena.     

多元整系数多项式因式分解的一种理论和算法

本文将ｔ（ｔ是大于２的整数）元整系数多项式看成为系数为ｔ－２元整系数多项式的二元多项式，建立了多元整系数多项式因式分解的一种新理论，进而得到了分解多元整系数多项式的一个有力的算法。     

Axial Structure of the Field Intensity in Diffusion-Controlled Surface-Wave Produced Plasmas

Surface-wave gas discharges sustained under the conditions of a diffusion controlled regime are studied on the basis of the fluid plasma model. The self-consistent behaviour of the plasma density and of the field intensity along the discharge length is obtained. It is shown that the nonlinearity in the particle balance equation due to stepwise ionisation determines the plasma density in terms of the field intensity and ensures self-consistent behaviour of the wave ? discharge characteristics in a diffusion controlled regime.     

Interaction of a point vortex with boundary singularities of higher orders

Translated from Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 3, pp. 167–168, May–June, 1993.     

THE SCHWARZIAN DERIVATIVE IN SEVERAL COMPLEX VARIABLES(II)

ＴＨＥＳＣＨＷＡＲＺＩＡＮＤＥＲＩＶＡＴＩＶＥＩＮＳＥＶＥＲＡＬＣＯＭＰＬＥＸＶＡＲＩＡＢＬＥＳ（ＩＩ）ＧＯＮＧＳＨＥＮＧＹＵＱＩＨＵＡＮＧＺＨＥＮＧＸＵＥＡＮＭａｎｕｓｃｒｉｐｔｒｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＡｕｇｕｓｔ３０，１９９６．Ｄｅ...     

Estimates for the Rapid Decay of Concentration Functions of n-Fold Convolutions

We estimate the concentration functions of n-fold convolutions of one-dimensional probability measures. The Kolmogorov–Rogozin inequality implies that for nondegenerate distributions these functions decrease at least as O(n ^–1/2). On the other hand, Esseen⁽³⁾ has shown that this rate is o(n ^–1/2) iff the distribution has an infinite second moment. This statement was sharpened by Morozova.⁽⁹⁾ Theorem 1 of this paper provides an improvement of Morozova's result. Moreover, we present more general estimates which imply the rates o(n ^–1/2).     

注入控制铜蒸气激光方向性时间过程测量

实验研究了注入控制对铜蒸气激光非稳腔输出光束质量的影响，从输出光发散角时间分辨过程的测量结果说明注入加速被注入腔内激光发散角的减小过程。由于被注入腔内放大自发辐射的存在，为得到较好的注入控制效果，注入光的脉宽和进入被注入腔的延时必须恰当。     

Magnetic and structural transitions in La1−x Sr x MnO3: T-x phase diagram

The electrical conductivity, magnetic susceptibility, magnetization, and submillimeter (v=5∓20 cm⁻¹) permittivity and dynamic conductivity of La_1−x Sr _x MnO₃ (0≤x≤ 0.45) single crystals are investigated. The anomalies in the temperature dependences of these quantities are identified with diverse magnetic and structural phase transformations, including antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic ordering, structural transitions between strongly distorted (Jahn-Teller) and weakly distorted (pseudocubic) orthorhombic phases, structural transitions to a rhombohedral phase and unusual transitions to a polaron-ordering state. As a result, the complete T-x phase diagram of the system La_1−2x Sr _x MnO₃ is constructed in a wide interval of temperatures T=4.2∓1050 K and concentrations x=0−0.45. Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 68, No. 4, 331–336 (25 August 1998)