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21.
Laila Manni Olfa Ghorbel-Bellaaj Kemel Jellouli Islem Younes Moncef Nasri 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2010,162(2):345-357
Chitin is a polysaccharide found in abundance in the shell of crustaceans. In this study, the protease from Bacillus cereus SV1 was applied for chitin extraction from shrimp waste material of Metapenaeus monoceros. A high level of deproteinization 88.8% ± 0.4 was recorded with an E/S ratio of 20. The demineralization was completely achieved
within 6 h at room temperature in HCl 1.25 M, and the residual content of calcium in chitin was below 0.01%. 13C CP/MAS-NMR spectral analysis of chitin prepared by the enzymatic deproteinization of shrimp wastes was found to be similar
to that obtained by alkaline treatment and to the commercial α-chitin. The degree of N-acetylation, calculated from the spectrum,
was 89.5%. Chitin obtained by treatment with crude protease from B. cereus was converted to chitosan by N-deacetylation, and the antibacterial activity of chitosan solution against different bacteria
was investigated. Results showed that chitosan solution at 50 mg/mL markedly inhibited the growth of most Gram-negative and
Gram-positive bacteria tested. Furthermore, the antioxidant potential of the protein hydrolysates obtained during enzymatic
isolation of chitin was evaluated using various in vitro assays. All the samples exerted remarkable antioxidant activities. These results suggest that enzymatic deproteinization
of the shrimp shell wastes, using B. cereus SV1 protease, could be applicable to the chitin production process. 相似文献
22.
Soleyman Hosseinzadeh Shahryar Pashaei Younes Saadat Zahra Khodaparast Roshan Javanifar Masoud Mohamadpour Alireza Hosseinzadeh 《Polymer Science Series B》2017,59(5):544-550
Cross-linked polystyrene (PS) particles having red blood corpuscle (RBC)-like shape were synthesized by one-pot dispersion polymerization of styrene with ethanol/water mixture and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the reaction medium and cross-linker, respectively. Monitoring of the reaction showed that RBC-like shape forms due to asymmetric shrinkage of a cross-linked network during the phase separation. In addition, three dimensional phase diagram was generated based on the yielded data that showed that the formation of such unique shape extremely depends on the polarity of the medium and injection time of the cross-linker. In situ synthesis of RBC-like particles, as promising biomaterials in targeted drug delivery and a model for the understanding of the cell behavior, via such fast and high solid content approach makes it to be conducive to subsequent scale up, i.e. potential commercial adoption. 相似文献
23.
Case 5, Level 1 of the international HYDROCOIN groundwater flow modeling project is an example of idealized flow over a salt dome. The groundwater flow is strongly coupled to solute transport since density variations in this example are large (20%).Several independent teams simulated this problem using different models. Results obtained by different codes can be contradictory. We develop a new numerical model based on the mixed hybrid finite elements approximation for flow, which provides a good approximation of the velocity, and the discontinuous finite elements approximation to solve the advection equation, which gives a good approximation of concentration even when the dispersion tensor is very small. We use the new numerical model to simulate the salt dome flow problem.In this paper we study the effect of molecular diffusion and we compare linear and nonlinear dispersion equations. We show the importance of the discretization of the boundary condition on the extent of recirculation and the final salt distribution. We study also the salt dome flow problem with a more realistic dispersion (very small dispersion tensor). Our results are different to prior works with regard to the magnitude of recirculation and the final concentration distribution. In all cases, we obtain recirculation in the lower part of the domain, even for only dispersive fluxes at the boundary. When the dispersion tensor becomes very small, the magnitude of recirculation is small. Swept forward displacement could be reproduced by using finite difference method to compute the dispersive fluxes instead of mixed hybrid finite elements. 相似文献
24.
Modeling Variable Density Flow and Solute Transport in Porous Medium: 1. Numerical Model and Verification 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A new numerical model for the resolution of density coupled flow and transport in porous media is presented. The model is based on the mixed hybrid finite elements (MHFE) and discontinuous finite elements (DFE) methods. MHFE is used to solve the flow equation and the dispersive part of the transport equation. This method is more accurate in the calculation of velocities and ensures continuity of fluxes from one element to the adjacent one. DFE is used to solve the convective part of the transport equation. Combined with a slope limiting procedure, it avoids numerical instabilities and creates a very limited numerical dispersion, even for high grid Peclet number.Flow and transport equations are coupled by a standard iterative scheme. Residual based criterion is used to stop the iterations. Simulations of an unstable equilibrium show the effects of the criteria used to stop the iterations and the stopping criterion in the solver. The effects are more important for finer grids than for coarser grids.The numerical model is verified by the simulation of standard benchmarks: the Henry and the Elder test cases. A good agreement is found between the revised semianalytical Henry solution and the numerical solution. The Elder test case was also studied. The simulations were similar to those presented in previous works but with significantly less unknowns (i.e. coarser grids). These results show the efficiency of the used numerical schemes. 相似文献
25.
Langevin stochastic differential equations provide a consistent basis for Reynolds stress, scalar transport and p.d.f. models. However, the stochastic equations must be capable of representing existing closures, like the General Linear Model, or the Rotta and Monin return to isotropy formulations. A consistent approach to derive both Reynolds stress and scalar flux transport equations, starting from a stochastic differential equation for velocity fluctuations, is presented here. A set of algebraic relations for the dispersion tensor is derived for homogeneous shear flow and for the log-layer. 相似文献
26.
Younes Valadbeigi 《Molecular physics》2013,111(15):2305-2314
ABSTRACTStructural and thermodynamic properties of 48 trimolecular clusters containing one radicl and two protic molecules (H2O, NH3, H2O2, CH3OH, HOCl) were studied at B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,3pd) level of theory. These radical-clusters have non-cyclic structures and are stabilised via two inter-molecular hydrogen bonding interactions. The calculated enthalpies of formation of the radical-clusters were generally in the range of ?30 to ?50 kJ/mol. The calculated activation energies (Ea) of the intra-cluster hydrogen transfers were smaller than 70 kJ/mol. Also, structures and thermodynamics of 15 cyclic molecular clusters as well as multi-hydrogen transfers in them were investigated. The results showed that the stability of the cyclic clusters and activation energies of the multi-hydrogen transfers depend on the cluster size. 相似文献
27.
Gehan M. El-Subruiti Ghassan O. Younes Farah S. Zeitouni Mohamed F. Amira 《国际化学动力学杂志》2008,40(7):416-422
Kinetic studies of solvent structure effects and solute–solvent interactions on the solvolysis of [Co(NH3)5Cl]2+ complex ion have been investigated spectrophotometrically in binary aqueous mixtures. Three cosolvents were used (acetonitrile, dimethylsulfoxide, and urea) over a wide range of temperatures. Nonlinear plots were found for log(rate constant) against the reciprocal of the relative permitivity of the medium. The enthalpy and entropy of activation (ΔH# and ΔS#) exhibited extrema in the same composition region where the physical properties indicate sharp changes in the structure of the solvent, confirming that the solvent structure is an important factor in determining the solvolytic reactivity. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 40: 416–422, 2008 相似文献
28.
29.
Silvia H. Santagneli Matthias T. Rinke Younes Messaddeq Hellmut Eckert 《Journal of Non》2011,357(10):2126-2131
Glasses were prepared in the pseudo-binary system (1 − x)AgPO3-xWO3 (0≤ × ≤ 0.6 mol%). The structural evolution of the vitreous network was studied as a function of composition by thermal analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman scattering, high resolution 31P solid state NMR and XANES at the W-L1 absorption edge. For compositions with x ranging from 0 to 0.5 a pronounced increase in the glass transition temperature is observed, suggesting a significant increase in the glass network connectivity. At the same time Raman spectra indicate that tungsten atoms are linked to non-bridging oxygen atoms (W-O- or W=O bonded species) whereas the 31P MAS-NMR spectra indicate the successive formation of new P-O-W linkages. The formation of some anionic tungsten sites (if these are revealed by the presence of W-O terminal bonds) implies an increase in the average degree of polymerization of the phosphate network, which is consistent with the compositional evolution of the 31P MAS-NMR spectra at low x values. For higher x-values, the Raman spectra indicate the presence of W-O-W linkages. W-L1 XANES data indicate that at least 90% of tungsten atoms are octahedrally coordinated. 相似文献
30.
A. Younes M. Younes H. Sayah M. Bilici A. Samuila L. Dascalescu 《Journal of Electrostatics》2013,71(1):84-91
Corona-electrostatic separation is a multi-variable process that has been thoroughly studied in connection with its various applications in the recycling industry. The aim of the present paper is to point out one parasitic phenomenon that adversely affects the efficiency of the separation: the sparks generated at the passage of conductive particles through the electric field zone. The experiments were carried out on a laboratory roll-type corona electrostatic separators, and the sparks were generated by introducing 16 calibrated copper pins in 40-g samples of granular insulating material (PVC; typical granule size: 1.5 mm) that were fed at a constant rate onto the surface of the grounded rotating roll electrode. The distribution of the PVC granules in the 14 boxes of the collector was altered by the occurrence of the spark discharges, as they were accompanied by the annealing of the electric field between the electrodes. The numerical simulation of insulating granules charging and movement under the action of the electric field enabled a better understanding of the interactions between the spark discharges and the other factors that influence their trajectories and affect the efficiency of the separation: roll-speed, particle size and ambient humidity. The particle dynamics equations were solved using an iterative scheme by using the electric field calculated in any point with the commercial software TRICOMP. The good agreement between the predictions made by these simulations and the experimental findings confirms the ability of the mathematical model to reflect the complexity of the physical phenomena. 相似文献