Incorporation of guanosine gels into sieving matrices for length- and sequence-based separation of DNA in capillary electrophoresis

Sieving gels are used in capillary gel electrophoresis to resolve DNA strands of different lengths. For complex samples, however, such as those encountered in metagenomic analysis of microbial communities or biofilms, length-based separation may mask the true genetic diversity of the community since different organisms may contribute same-length DNA with different sequences. There is a need, therefore, for DNA separations based on both the length and sequence. Previous work has demonstrated the ability of guanosine gels (G-gels) to separate four single-stranded DNA 76-mers that differ by only a few A/G base substitutions. The goal of the present work is to determine whether G-gels could be combined with commercial sieving gels in order to simultaneously separate DNA based on both length and sequence. The results are given for the four 76-mers and for a standard dsDNA ladder. Commercial sieving gels were used alone and in combination with G-gels. For the 76-mers, the combined medium was less efficient than the G-gel alone but was able to achieve partial resolution. The combined medium was at least as effective as the sieving gel alone at resolving the denatured DNA ladder and showed indications of sequence-based resolution as well, as supported by MALDI-MS. The results show that the combined sieving gel/G-gel medium retains the selectivity of the individual media, providing a promising approach to simultaneous length- and sequence-based DNA separation for metagenomic analysis of complex systems.     

Biomimetic synthesis of hyperolactones

Through a biomimetic pathway, hyperolactone D, 4-hydroxyhyperolactone D, and hyperolactone C were synthesized from methyl acetoacetate via Weiler's dianion method, asymmetric allylic alkylation, biomimetic lactonization, oxidation, and cyclization. The stereochemistry of the quaternary carbon was controlled efficiently by Palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation. This strategy was also used for the synthesis of hyperolactone B.     

Signal Enhancement of Abiotically-Synthesized RNA Oligonucleotides and other Biopolymers using Unmodified Fused Silica in MALDI-MS

Metal is the standard desorption platform for MALDI-MS but other surfaces have been shown to offer advantages for particular types of analytes or applications. One such substrate is fused silica, which has been employed for matrix-free detection of low mass analytes and for affinity MALDI-MS in which binding ligands are immobilized at the fused silica surface. The present work reports improved MALDI-MS detection of RNA oligonucleotides, including polyA, polyU, and polyA/U, at the high end of the mass range when unmodified fused silica is used instead of stainless steel as the MALDI target. The RNA oligonucleotides were abiotically synthesized from activated monomers on catalytic clay surfaces. Further investigation found enhanced signals as well for other anionic biopolymers, including DNA oligonucleotides and heparin. Enhancement also was observed for dextran, which is neutral, indicating that the effect is not restricted to anionic biopolymers. Among more general analytical applications, the results are particularly relevant to rapid screening of abiotic RNA polymerization toward elucidating pathways to life on Earth.     

Evaluation of the influence of sulfur fumigation on the pharmacokinetics of four active ingredients in Si Wu Tang

Sulfur fumigation may induce the decrease or the chemical transformation of some active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines in vitro. Whether sulfur fumigation can cause the pharmacokinetic changes of the active ingredients in vivo is related to the efficacy and the safety of Chinese medicines’ application clinically. A sensitive, specific, and accurate method for the simultaneous determination of paeoniflorin, ferulic acid, senkyunolide A, and senkyunolide I in rat plasma by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry was developed to evaluate the influence of sulfur fumigation to Si Wu Tang for the first time. Each compound was extracted from plasma samples by liquid–liquid extraction with ethyl acetate, and the chromatographic separation was accomplished on an Agilent Extend C₁₈ column with a linear gradient elution. The mass spectrometric detection and analysis were performed by using an AB Sciex triple quadrupole 5500 mass spectrometer in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of four compounds in rats after oral administration of sun‐dried and sulfur‐fumigated Si Wu Tang. The results provided a meaningful basis for evaluating the affection of sulfur fumigation to the clinical application and the efficacy of Si Wu Tang.     

纳米等离子体生物传感及成像

贵金属纳米材料具有显著的局域表面等离子体共振（LSPR）效应,可有效地将共振光子限域在金属表面.随着多种形貌贵金属纳米材料的可控合成及其功能化表面化学技术的日臻成熟,贵金属纳米材料已被广泛应用于生物标记、传感成像、分析分离及生物医学领域.从贵金属纳米等离子体材料的性质出发,综述局域表面等离子体共振材料在传感及细胞成像中的最新进展,并对基于局域表面等离子体共振材料的纳米光子学传感器未来发展前景做出展望.     

电动舵机非线性系统的辨识研究

本文针对所设计的三闭环电动舵机系统,为了提高舵机的控制精度,提出了采用非线性系统辨识的方法,并且利用辨识的参数对系统进行补偿。根据电动舵机的模型分别采用了前馈补偿的方法和反馈辨识的方法对系统的摩擦进行仿真建模研究,并且将建模数据加入到电动舵机中进行试验验证,系统的位置跟踪误差和速度跟踪误差均有大幅度减小。试验结果证明,本文所提出的辨识研究方法可以准确地实现摩擦模型的建立,并且从该模型出发进行补偿可以有效地提高电动舵机的控制精度。     

Dealloying to Nanoporous Silver and Its Implementation as a Template Material for Construction of Nanotubular Mesoporous Bimetallic Nanostructures

Nanoporous silver (NPS) is fabricated by selectively dissolving Al from AgAl alloys in corrosive electrolytes at room temperature. Electron spectroscopy characterizations demonstrate that the NaOH electrolyte is beneficial to the formation of a three‐dimensional bicontinuous porous nanostructure with uniform and tunable pore and ligament dimensions of a few tens of nanometers, while processing in HCl electrolyte easily lead to coarsened porous nanostructures. The high‐surface‐area Ag nanostructures are demonstrated as novel effective template materials to the construction of nanotubular mesoporous Pt/Ag and Pd/Ag alloy structures, which are realized via room temperature galvanic replacement reactions with H₂PtCl₆ and K₂PdCl₄ solutions by adding a high concentration of Cl^? ions as a coordinating agent. Electrochemical measurements indicate that the resulting hollow and porous bimetallic nanostructures show enhanced electrocatalytic activities and CO‐tolerance with better durability toward methanol and formic acid oxidation due to alloying with Ag.     

等谱AKNS方程的新孤子解

给出2阶AKNS方程的两类双线性导数方程,利用扰动展开与截断技术,分别导出这两类方程的多孤子解,并将所得结果推广到AKNS方程族的情形.关于广义双线性导数方程孤子解的结果是新的.     

Effect of Ni Precipitation Method on CO Methanation over Ni/TiO2 Catalysts

A Ni/TiO₂(TBT) catalyst was prepared through in situ precipitation, using tetrabutyl titanate(TBT) as the TiO₂ precursor, and was studied in CO methanation. A Ni catalyst supported on commercial TiO₂ was also prepared through post precipitation and studied to compare the influence of Ni precipitation conditions on the catalyst's performance. To gain insight on their structure and physicochemical properties, the catalysts were characterized with N₂-adsorption, X-ray diffraction, transimission electron microscopy, H₂ temperature programmed reduction and temperature programmed desorption. The results showed that the in situ precipitation method was beneficial to the dispersion of Ni and the formation of more active sites on the Ni/TiO₂ catalyst. In addition, the density of the metal-support boundary and its interaction with the active component were also increased. These characteristics of Ni/TiO₂(TBT) led to a lower light-off temperature and a suppression of Ni sintering during CO methanation. As a consequence, the Ni/TiO₂(TBT) exhibited better catalytic behavior, with a CO conversion of 99.4% and CH₄ selecti-vity of 90.4% under the following conditions:p=1 MPa, t=320℃, n(H₂)/n(CO)=3, gas hour space velocity (GHSV)=2×10⁴ mL·g^-1·h^-1. The life test results of the two catalysts showed that Ni/TiO₂(TBT) was more stable and the catalytic activity remained at its initial level after being used for 30 h.     

Combination of Optimization and Metalated‐Ligand Exchange: An Effective Approach to Functionalize UiO‐66(Zr) MOFs for CO2 Separation

The strategy to functionalize water‐stable metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) in order to improve their CO₂ uptake capacities for efficient CO₂ separation remains limited and challenging. We herein present an effective approach to functionalize a prominent water‐stable MOF, UiO‐66(Zr), by a combination of optimization and metalated‐ligand exchange. In particular, by systematic optimization, we have successfully obtained UiO‐66(Zr) of the highest BET surface area reported so far (1730 m² g^?1). Moreover, it shows a hybrid Type I/IV N₂ isotherm at 77 K and a mesopore size of 3.9 nm for the first time. The UiO‐66 MOF underwent a metalated‐ligand‐exchange (MLE) process to yield a series of new UiO‐66‐type MOFs, among which UiO‐66‐(COONa)₂‐EX and UiO‐66‐(COOLi)₄‐EX MOFs have both enhanced CO₂ working capacity and IAST CO₂/N₂ selectivity. Our approach has thus suggested an alternative design to achieve water‐stable MOFs with high crystallinity and gas uptake for efficient CO₂ separation.