Control of the Orientation and Photoinduced Phase Transitions of Macrocyclic Azobenzene

Photoinduced phase transitions caused by photochromic reactions bring about a change in the state of matter at constant temperature. Herein, we report the photoinduced phase transitions of crystals of a photoresponsive macrocyclic compound bearing two azobenzene groups ( 1 ) at room temperature on irradiation with UV (365 nm) and visible (436 nm) light. The trans/trans isomer undergoes photoinduced phase transitions (crystal–isotropic phase–crystal) on UV light irradiation. The photochemically generated crystal exhibited reversible phase transitions between the crystal and the mesophase on UV and visible light irradiation. The molecular order of the randomly oriented crystals could be increased by irradiating with linearly polarized visible light, and the value of the order parameter was determined to be ?0.84. Heating enhances the thermal cis‐to‐trans isomerization and subsequent cooling returned crystals of the trans/trans isomer.     

Neutron Diffraction Study on the Structure of Aqueous LiNO3 Solutions

Neutron diffraction measurements were carried out at 25 °C for aqueous LiNO₃ heavy water solutions, (*LiNO₃) _x (D₂O)_1?x where x = 0.1, 0.05 and 0.01, in which the ⁶Li/⁷Li isotopic ratios were varied. Structural information on intermolecular nearest neighbor Li⁺···D₂O interactions in the extensive concentration range was derived from the first-order difference function, ?_Li(Q), obtained from the difference in scattering cross sections between ⁶Li- and ⁷Li-enriched sample solutions. The nearest neighbor Li⁺···O distance and coordination number for sample solution with x = 0.1 were determined to be r _LiO = 1.969 (8) Å and n _LiO = 4.12 (6), respectively, corresponding to the four-coordinated Li⁺ ion in the solution. On the other hand, those obtained for the solution with x = 0.01 are r _LiO = 2.00 (2) Å and n _LiO = 6.0 (2), respectively, indicating that hexaaqua Li⁺ is dominant in the dilute solution. These results clearly indicate that a concentration dependence of the hydration number of Li⁺ occurs in the aqueous solutions.     

Poly‐ε‐Lysine Modified Nanocarbon Film Electrodes for LPS Detection

We developed an electrochemical system for detecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that uses an ultraflat nanocarbon film electrode modified with poly‐ε‐lysine with a high affinity to LPS. LPS was captured on the modified electrode, and then ferrocene labeled polymyxin B (FcPMB) was captured on the LPS adsorbed electrode via the LPS‐PMB affinity interaction. The adsorbed FcPMB provided an amplified response with Fe²⁺ ions, and the current response was dependent on the amount of captured LPS (LOD=2.0 ng/mL). This was due to the efficient accumulation of the obtained current for LPS and the very low noise made possible by the ultraflat surface.     

Corrigendum to “Constraints on operator ordering from third quantization” [Ann. Phys. 365 (2016) 54–65]

In our previous paper Ohkuwa et al. (2016) corrigendum was found in Eqs. (3.4) and (3.6). However, conclusions of our previous paper are not changed.     

Time-resolved fluorometric analysis of carbohydrates labeled with amino-aromatic compounds by reductive amination

We examined the formation of complexes between terbium ion (Tb3+) and carbohydrates labeled with aminobenzene compounds. Of the examined compounds, carbohydrates labeled with 4-aminosalicylic acid showed intense fluorescence with Tb3+ in the presence of cetylpyridinium chloride at pH 6.0. Calibration curves for maltose derivative showed good linearity between 5 pmol and at least 600 pmol, with good reproducibility. We applied the proposed technique to binding studies between manno-oligosaccharides and Concanavalin A.     

Integrability of superharmonic functions, uniform domains, and Hölder domains

Let denote the space of all positive superharmonic functions on a domain . Lindqvist showed that is a bounded subset of . Using this, we give a characterization of finitely connected -dimensional uniform domains and remarks on Hölder domains.

     

Reply to the note on the flow behaviour of combustion gas in the boundary layer of an MHD generator

The temperature profile in Fig. 3 of Ref. 1 is better approximated by a relation for a turbulent boundary layer than a laminar boundary layer. The critical Reynolds number is expected to be lowered in the flow train of MHD combustion gas because of large turbulence in the combustor and by roughness along the duct.     

Carbon-13 NMR spectra of all-trans-N-retinylidene-n-butylamine as an analogue of the Schiff's base linkage-compound in visual pigment

Carbon-13 NMR spectra have been obtained for all-trans-N-retinylidene-n-butylamine as an analogue of the Schiff's base linkage compound in visual pigment. The chemical shift changes on going from all-trans-retinal₁ to all-trans-N-retinylidene-n-butylamine are observed. These changes indicate the collapse of the bond alternation in conjugated polyene carbons, whereas N-protonation in all-trans-N-retinylidene-n-butylamine does not affect the bond alternation.     

Photochemical vapor deposition of amorphous silicon through 185 nm excitation of monosilane

Photochemical vapor deposition of a-Si films at a high rate using SiH₄ and a 185 nm low pressure mercury lamp is described. A maximum rate of 1 nm/sec was attained using the 185 nm lamp. This rate was about ten times higher than that using a 254 nm lamp. Assuming that there is no interaction between the effects of the two wavelengths, the deposition rate per light output power of 184.9 nm light is 160 times larger than that for 253.7 nm light. The absorption cross-section of the 184.9 nm light is ten times greater than that for the 253.7 nm light.     

Production of doubly charged helium ions by two-photon absorption of an intense sub-10-fs soft x-ray pulse at 42 eV photon energy

We report on the observation of doubly charged helium ions produced by a nonlinear interaction between a helium atom and photons with a photon energy of 42 eV which are generated with the 27th harmonic of a femtosecond pulse from a Ti:sapphire laser. The number of ions is proportional to the square of the intensity of the 27th harmonic pulse, and thus two-photon double ionization should be dominantly induced as compared with other nonlinear processes accompanying sequential ionization via a singly charged ion. This phenomenon is utilized to measure the pulse duration of the 27th harmonic pulse by using an autocorrelation technique, for the first time to our knowledge, and as a result a duration of 8 fs is found.