A neural network to solve quadratic programming problems with fuzzy parameters

In this paper, a representation of a recurrent neural network to solve quadratic programming problems with fuzzy parameters (FQP) is given. The motivation of the paper is to design a new effective one-layer structure neural network model for solving the FQP. As far as we know, there is not a study for the neural network on the FQP. Here, we change the FQP to a bi-objective problem. Furthermore, the bi-objective problem is reduced to a weighting problem and then the Lagrangian dual is constructed. In addition, we consider a neural network model to solve the FQP. Finally, some illustrative examples are given to show the effectiveness of our proposed approach.     

Experimental Investigation of Saturated Flow Boiling Heat Transfer to TiO2/R141b Nanorefrigerant

Heat transfer in two-phase flow boiling of a dilute mixture of TiO₂ nanoparticles in R141b base fluid in a smooth tube is investigated experimentally. Examining the obtained results reveals that enhancement of the convective heat transfer coefficient for the particle volume fractions of 0.01% and 0.03% in comparison with pure R141b is more pronounced for a higher volume fraction. The measured data also show that at higher vapor qualities, the improvement in heat transfer coefficient is greater. Moreover, the heat transfer coefficient decreases substantially with mass flux while an increase in saturation temperature leads to an improvement in this coefficient.     

Bilayer Cylindrical Conduit Consisting of Electrospun Polycaprolactone Nanofibers and DSC Cross‐Linked Sodium Alginate Hydrogel to Bridge Peripheral Nerve Gaps

Herein, a bilayer cylindrical conduit (P‐CA) is presented consisting of electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers and sodium alginate hydrogel covalently cross‐linked with N,N′‐disuccinimidyl carbonate (DSC). The bilayer P‐CA conduit is developed by combining the electrospinning and outer–inner layer methods. Using DSC, as a covalent crosslinker, increases the degradation time of the sodium alginate hydrogel up to 2 months. The swelling ratio of the hydrogel is also 503% during the first 8 h. The DSC cross‐linked sodium alginate in the inner layer of the conduit promotes the adhesion and proliferation of nerve cells, while the electrospun PCL nanofibers in the outer layer provide maximum tensile strength of the conduit during surgery. P‐CA conduit promotes the migration of Schwann cells along the axon in a rat model based on functional and histological evidences. In conclusion, P‐CA conduit will be a promising construct for repairing sciatic nerves in a rat model.     

Hydropathic influences on the quantification of equine heart cytochrome c using relative ion abundance measurements by electrospray ionization fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.

The number of publications documenting the utility of electrospray ionization (ESI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) for the analysis of biological molecules has increased in geometric proportion spanning diverse areas of research. Currently, we are investigating the capabilities of ESI-FTICR to quantify relative molecular ion abundances of biopolymers, an area which has not been explored rigorously. We present here the results of an investigation of a two-component system utilizing equine heart cytochrome c (EH) as the analyte and bovine heart cytochrome c (BH) as a constant concentration internal standard. As these compounds are relatively large ( approximately 12 kDa), they will become multiply charged during the electrospray process. Using appropriate solution and instrument conditions, the 7(+) and 8(+) charge states were enhanced for both cytochrome c species. We report that using the average of the ion abundances for the two charge states observed for each species, the linear curve (intensity ratio vs concentration ratio) had a dynamic range of 0.045-2.348 microM (1.7 orders of magnitude). Linear least-squares regression analysis (LLSRA) of these averaged ion abundances (i.e. [(EH + 7H(+))(7+)/(BH + 7H(+))(7+) + (EH + 8H(+))(8+)/(BH + 8H(+))(8+)]/2) yielded the equation y = 1.005x + 0.027. The slope of the line with its calculated precision, reported as one standard deviation, is 1.005 +/- 0.0150, which is statistically ideal (i.e. equal to unity). However, LLSRA of the ion abundances of the two individual charge states were significantly different (i.e. the slope of the (EH + 7H(+))(7+)/(BH + 7H(+))(7+) peak intensity ratio vs molar ratio data was 0.885 +/- 0.0183 and the slope of the (EH + 8H(+))(8+)/(BH + 8H(+))(8+) data was 1.125 +/- 0.0308). We attribute this difference to the variation in primary amino acid sequence for the two cytochrome c species. Both have 104 amino acids, but there are three residue substitutions between EH and BH; one of the substitutions confers an additional basic site to EH. While this extra basic residue may imply an additional charging site, the low charge states observed under the solution conditions employed indicate that most (>66%) basic sites are not protonated. However, the extra basic site also renders EH slightly more hydrophilic. These results present significant considerations when choosing internal standards for the quantification of large proteins by ESI-FTICR-MS and demonstrate that relative molecular ion signals in FTICR can be used to quantify macromolecular species in the nanomolar regime.     

Novel polyesters and polyester/Cloisite 30B nanocomposites based on a new rhodanine-based monomer

A novel bis-diol monomer, 3,3'-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2'-dithioxo-[5,5']bithiazolidinylidene-4,4'-dione, was prepared in a one-pot three component reaction and used in a polyesterification reaction with various aromatic dicarboxylic acids using tosyl chloride/dimethylformamide/pyridine system as a condensing agent in order to generate a series of new polyesters. The prepared polyesters were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. In the next part, a series of polyester/clay nanocomposites were synthesized through a polyesterification reaction of the synthesized monomer with iso-phthalic acid. Cloisite 30B was used as the filler at different concentrations. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy studies showed that the organoclay layers are mainly exfoliated in the nanocomposites containing 1 wt % of Cloisite 30B.     

Solving the nonlinear equations for one-dimensional nano-sized model including Rydberg and Varshni potentials and Casimir force using the decomposition method

The Adomian decomposition method has been applied to solve the nonlinear equations from the one-dimensional model for a nano-sized-oscillator. The model includes Rydberg and Varshni potentials as well as Casimir force with fractional damping. New approximate solution of the equations of motion for anharmonic vibrations of a nano-sized oscillator with the elastic force deriving from the Rydberg and Varshni potentials has been obtained.     

Synthesis and characterization of new polynuclear bis-5-oxy-1H-tetrazoles

Different bis-phenols reacted with cyanogen bromide in the presence of triethylamine as base to give the corresponding bis-cyanates which were treated with sodium azide in acetone as solvent to produce new bis(5-oxy-1H-tetrazole) derivatives. One more bis-tetrazole derivative was synthesized by reaction of 5-(4-aminophenoxy)-1H-tetrazole with adipoyl chloride. The prepared compounds were characterized by usual spectroscopic techniques. Published in Russian in Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii, 2009, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 156–159. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Reliability and Efficiency of Generalized Rumor Spreading Model on Complex Social Networks

We introduce the generalized rumor spreading model and investigate some properties of this model on different complex social networks. Despite pervious rumor models that both the spreader-spreader (SS) and the spreader-stifler (SR) interactions have the same rate α, we define α(1) and α(2) for SS and SR interactions, respectively. The effect of variation of α(1) and α(2) on the final density of stiflers is investigated. Furthermore, the influence of the topological structure of the network in rumor spreading is studied by analyzing the behavior of several global parameters such as reliability and efficiency. Our results show that while networks with homogeneous connectivity patterns reach a higher reliability, scale-free topologies need a less time to reach a steady state with respect the rumor.