The dominant deformation mechanism of nanocrystalline materials with the finest grains: grain boundary sliding or grain boundary migration?

We report an efficient room-temperature synthesis of Au nanoparticles (NPs) using carbon dots (C-dots) as mediator in poly(ethylene glycol). The synthesis does not require any irradiation or heating for the reduction of the metal precursor and it yields smaller sized particles of ~15 nm, mostly octahedron in shape. The effect of varying concentrations of the Au precursor and C-dots on the synthesis was studied, which demonstrated the variation in particle size and shape with change in either the precursor or C-dots concentration. Time-resolved absorbance study for the synthesis of Au NPs showed the sigmoidal behavior for the autocatalytic growth having the lagging phase of induction period. The optimum concentration of the precursor and the C-dots were determined for the synthesis of well-dispersed Au NPs. The stability of the prepared Au NPs was also determined, showing that at optimum concentration of the precursor and C-dots, the particles were stable and did not precipitate for several days.     

X射线吸收谱研究碳纳米管内Rh-Mn纳米粒子结构的变化

利用X射线吸收谱技术研究了负载于多壁碳纳米管内的Rh-Mn纳米粒子在不同气氛和温度下的结构. 结果表明,Rh-Mn粒子在空气中是由氧化铑团簇和混合锰氧化物组成. 经过氢气在300 ℃下还原后,混合锰氧化物种转化成MnO. 而氧化铑团簇在He气氛下当温度达到250 ℃时就会发生分解而形成金属铑团簇. 对形成的铑团簇用H₂或CO进行热处理,发现其分散性随温度升高而提高; 同时,X射线吸收谱实验没有观察到Mn和Rh之间存在显著的相互作用,助剂Mn的主要作用是提高了Rh的分散性.     

Structural and photoluminescent properties of Ni doped ZnO nanorod arrays prepared by hydrothermal method

Self-assembled Ni-doped zinc oxide (Zn_1−xNi_xO, x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, i.e., ZnNiO, nominal composition) nanorod arrays vertically grown on the ZnO seed layer covered glass along [0 0 1] direction were synthesized by hydrothermal method. Their images and structures have been characterized by scan electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectra, showing that Ni doping is beneficial to the formation of ZnO nanorods with hexagonal cross section and the enhancement of ZnO crystal quality. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) study further demonstrated that Ni atoms were successfully doped into ZnO lattices. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of ZnNiO samples show near bandedge emission (NBE) peaks at about 380 nm at a low excitation power and the NBE peak position redshifts while its intensity continuously increases with the increase of Ni doping concentration. With the excitation power increasing, the NBE peak redshifts from 380 nm to about 400 nm for ZnNiO nanorod arrays. The NBE mechanisms for ZnNiO nanorod arrays have been discussed, which is helpful for understanding their room temperature ferromagnetisms.     

Effects of Solid Electrolyte Interphase Components on the Reduction of LiFSI over Lithium Metal

The use of a lithium metal anode still presents a challenging chemistry and engineering problem that holds back next generation lithium battery technology. One of the issues facing lithium metal is the presence of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer that forms on the electrode creating a variety of chemical species that change the properties of the electrode and is closely related to the formation and growth of lithium dendrites. In order to advance the scientific progress of lithium metal more must be understood about the fundamentals of the SEI. One property of the SEI that is particularly critical is the passivating behavior of the different SEI components. This property is critical to the continued formation of SEI and stability of the electrolyte and electrode. Here we report the investigation of the passivation behavior of Li₂O, Li₂CO_3, LiF and LiOH with the lithium salt LiFSI. We used large computational chemistry models that are able to capture the lithium/SEI interface as well as the SEI/electrolyte interface. We determined that LiF and Li₂CO₃ are the most passivating of the SEI layers, followed by LiOH and Li₂O. These results match previous studies of other Li salts and provide further examination of LiFSI reduction.     

A molecularly imprinted organic–inorganic hybrid monolithic column for the selective extraction and HPLC determination of isoprocarb residues in rice

An IPC‐imprinted (IPC is isoprocarb) poly(methacrylic acid)/SiO₂ hybrid monolithic column was prepared and applied for the recognition of the template. The hybrid monolithic column was synthesized in a micropipette tip using methyltrimethoxysilane as the inorganic precursor, 3‐(methacryloxy)propyltrimethoxysilane as the coupling agent, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the cross‐linker. The synthesis conditions, including the porogenic solvent, coupling agent, volume ratio of the inorganic alcoholysate and organic part, were optimized. The prepared monolithic column was characterized by SEM and FTIR spectroscopy. A simple, rapid, and sensitive method for the determination of IPC in rice using the imprinted monolithic column microextraction combined with HPLC was developed. Several parameters affecting the sample pretreatment were investigated, including the eluent, washing solution, and loading sample volume. The linearity of the calibration curve was observed in the range of 9.0–1000 μg/kg for IPC in rice with the correlation coefficient (r²) of 0.9983. The LOD was 3.0 μg/kg (S/N = 3). The assay gave recovery values ranging from 91 to 107%. The proposed method has been successfully applied for the selective extraction and sensitive determination of IPC in rice and a satisfactory result was obtained.     

Colorimetric determination of staphylococcal enterotoxin B via DNAzyme-guided growth of gold nanoparticles

The authors describe a colorimetric method for the determination of the staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) that also allows for visual readout. The assay is based on the growth of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) mediated by a hemin/G-quadruplex DNAzyme which generates a color change from red to blue in the presence of SEB. The method is enzyme-free and does not require a label. The kinetics of the formation of the AuNPs is controlled by the hemin/G-quadruplex DNAzyme and this is key to the signal generation mechanism. In the presence of SEB, the reactions between aptamer and target modulated the amount of single probe G strands that form DNAzyme capable of consuming hydrogen peroxide. The growth process of AuNPs is influenced by the resulting concentration of H₂O₂ and leads to the color change. Under optimal conditions, a linear relationship exists between absorbance and SEB concentration in the range from 0.1 to 500 pg·mL￣¹ which covers the clinically relevant range. In case of visual detection, the lower limit of detection is 1 pg·mL^?1. The assay described here is sensitive, comparably inexpensive and can detect SEB rapidly without the need for sophisticated equipment. In our perception, the method has a wide scope in that it may be adapted to various nucleic acids, proteins and other biomolecules if respective aptamers are available.

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Graphical abstract Colorimetric determination of Staphylococcal enterotoxin B via DNAzyme-guided growth of gold nanoparticles

     

Application of capillary isotachophoresis-based multidimensional separations coupled with electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry for characterization of mouse brain mitochondrial proteome

By employing a capillary ITP (CITP)/CZE-based proteomic technology, a total of 1795 distinct mouse Swiss-Prot protein entries (or 1705 nonredundant proteins) are identified from synaptic mitochondria isolated from mouse brain. The ultrahigh resolving power of CITP/CZE is evidenced by the large number of distinct peptide identifications measured from each CITP fraction together with the low peptide fraction overlapping among identified peptides. The degree of peptide overlapping among CITP fractions is even lower than that achieved using combined CIEF/nano-RP LC separations for the analysis of the same mitochondrial sample. When evaluating the protein sequence coverage by the number of distinct peptides mapping to each mitochondrial protein identification, CITP/CZE similarly achieves superior performance with 1041 proteins (58%) having 3 or more distinct peptides, 233 (13%) having 2 distinct peptides, and 521 (29%) having a single distinct peptide. The reproducibility of protein identifications is found to be around 86% by comparing proteins identified from repeated runs of the same mitochondrial sample. The analysis of the mouse mitochondrial proteome by two CITP/CZE runs results in the detection of 2095 distinct mouse Swiss-Prot protein entries (or 1992 nonredundant proteins), corresponding to 59% coverage of the updated Maestro mitochondrial reference set. The collective analysis from combined CITP/CZE and CIEF-based proteomic studies yields the identification of 2191 distinct mitochondrial protein entries (or 2082 nonredundant proteins), corresponding to 76% coverage of the MitoP2-database reference set.     

核壳结构的锂离子电池材料

核壳结构材料可以实现核与壳功能的复合与互补,近年来核壳结构的设计理念也被引入到锂离子电池材料中。本文综述了纳米/亚微米核壳结构锂离子电池材料的制备方法、电化学性能和结构稳定性等方面的最新研究进展,评述了该类材料存在的问题并展望了其发展前景。商业化的锂离子电池材料还不能满足高能量密度和安全性等多方面的要求,通过合成核与壳功能互补的材料,可望提高材料的综合性能.     

紫外水质在线分析仪校准方法的研究

紫外水质在线分析仪检测数据的准确性对环保计量影响很大,建立一套完善的校准方法,定期对紫外水质在线分析仪进行校准是环保计量工作的当务之急。通过长期的实践摸索,对各种紫外水质在线分析仪进行了系统的检测和论证,初步建立了一套可靠的校准方法。该方法科学合理,简便易行,各项指标评价结果符合仪器的设计性能及实际测试工作要求。     

寄生回路稳定性分析及制导控制相关设计方法研究

针对雷达制导系统由于隔离度及天线罩折射率导致的高空、低动压条件下寄生回路稳定性低的问题,提出了一种制导控制相关设计方法;首先建立了某型主动雷达制导地空导弹寄生回路线性化数学模型并分析了其稳定性;其次,提出了一种制导控制相关设计方法,即在法向过载控制系统设计时考虑寄生回路的影响;仿真结果表明基于制导控制相关设计方法得到法向过载控制系统可以大大提高寄生回路的稳定性,降低了制导系统对天线罩折射率的要求。