饮用水水质与人体健康

水对人体是极其重要的,本文介绍了水中常量、微量元素、水的卫生、水分子簇团大小等对人体健康的重要影响,并由此谈到了自来水的消毒以及对纯净水的几点探索性认识。     

Syntheses of MO2 (M=Si, Ce, Sn) nanoparticles by solid-state reactions at ambient temperature

Nano oxides (SiO₂, CeO₂, SnO₂) were successfully synthesized by solid-state reactions at ambient temperature. The nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, TEM, BET, and TGA-DTA. The SiO₂ particles were also investigated using IR spectra. Effects of calcination on the nanoparticles were studied in this paper. The solid-state reaction technique is a convenient, inexpensive and an effective preparation method of monodisperse oxide nanoparticles in high yield. The mechanisms of the formation of nano materials by solid-state reactions at ambient temperature were primarily investigated.     

叠层结构陶瓷强韧化设计的力学分析

基于梁的理论和裂纹在异材界面上拐折与扩展条件,对叠层结构陶瓷弯曲试件的强度与韧性进行了力学分析,获得叠层结构中陶瓷基片和界面层的材料性能、结构几何参数与叠层结构弯曲强度、韧性间的定量解析关系,给出相应的影响曲线,并对Si3N4/BN叠层结构四点弯曲试样断裂功的理论值与实验结果作对比讨论。     

Metal Organic Framework Glasses: A New Platform for Electrocatalysis?

Metal organic framework (MOF) glasses are a coordination network of metal nodes and organic ligands as an undercooled frozen-in liquid, and have therefore broadened the potential of MOF materials in the fundamental research and application scenarios. On the road to deploying MOF glasses as electrocatalysts, it remains several basic scientific hurdles although MOF glasses not only inherit the structural merits of MOFs but also endow with active catalytic features including concentrated defects, metal centers and disorder structure etc. The research on the ionic conductivity, catalytic stability and reactivity of MOF glasses has yielded scientific insights towards its electrocatalytic applications. Here, we first comb the history, definition and basic properties of MOF glasses. Then, we identify the main synthetic methods and characterization techniques. Finally, we advance the potentials and challenges of MOF glasses as electrocatalysts in furthering the understanding of these themes.     

Non-trivial Contribution of Carbon Hybridization in Carbon-based Substrates to Electrocatalytic Activities in Li-S Batteries

Appling an electrochemical catalyst is an efficient strategy for inhibiting the shuttle effect and enhancing the S utilization of Li-S batteries. Carbon-based materials are the most common conductive agents and catalyst supports used in Li-S batteries, but the correlation between the diversity of hybridizations and sulfur reduction reaction (SRR) catalytic activity remains unclear. Here, by establishing two forms of carbon models, i.e., graphitic carbon (GC) and amorphous carbon (AC), we observe that the nitrogen atom doped in the GC possesses a higher local charge density and a lower Gibbs free energy towards the formation of polysulfides than in the AC. And the GC-based electrode consistently inherits considerably enhanced SRR kinetics and superior cycling stability and rate capability in Li-S batteries. Therefore, the function of carbon in Li-S batteries is not only limited as conductive support but also plays an unignorable contribution to the electrocatalytic activities of SRR.