全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6796篇 |
免费 | 526篇 |
国内免费 | 302篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 4848篇 |
晶体学 | 22篇 |
力学 | 261篇 |
综合类 | 18篇 |
数学 | 1039篇 |
物理学 | 1436篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 79篇 |
2022年 | 68篇 |
2021年 | 140篇 |
2020年 | 170篇 |
2019年 | 154篇 |
2018年 | 150篇 |
2017年 | 133篇 |
2016年 | 265篇 |
2015年 | 222篇 |
2014年 | 277篇 |
2013年 | 366篇 |
2012年 | 432篇 |
2011年 | 472篇 |
2010年 | 282篇 |
2009年 | 269篇 |
2008年 | 410篇 |
2007年 | 369篇 |
2006年 | 377篇 |
2005年 | 332篇 |
2004年 | 281篇 |
2003年 | 208篇 |
2002年 | 259篇 |
2001年 | 162篇 |
2000年 | 115篇 |
1999年 | 108篇 |
1998年 | 77篇 |
1997年 | 63篇 |
1996年 | 67篇 |
1995年 | 58篇 |
1994年 | 53篇 |
1993年 | 52篇 |
1992年 | 46篇 |
1991年 | 48篇 |
1990年 | 46篇 |
1989年 | 28篇 |
1988年 | 29篇 |
1987年 | 27篇 |
1986年 | 34篇 |
1985年 | 45篇 |
1984年 | 37篇 |
1983年 | 30篇 |
1982年 | 36篇 |
1981年 | 44篇 |
1980年 | 36篇 |
1979年 | 37篇 |
1978年 | 36篇 |
1977年 | 46篇 |
1976年 | 30篇 |
1975年 | 31篇 |
1974年 | 31篇 |
排序方式: 共有7624条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
52.
Roucoules V Fail CA Schofield WC Teare DO Badyal JP 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2005,21(4):1412-1415
A substrate-independent method has been devised for ring formation at solid surfaces. This entails the aminolysis reaction of allylamine with maleic anhydride pulsed plasma polymer films to yield terminal alkene groups at the surface. Subsequent exposure to 1,3-cyclohexadiene leads to a Diels-Alder type (4 + 2) cycloaddition reaction to give a mixture of endo- and exo-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-ene rings. 相似文献
53.
The objective of the work described in this paper was to produce dispersions of small spherical carbon particles, having particle diameters in the region of 0.1 μm. To this end, the dehydrochlorination of poly(vinylidene chloride) (PVDC) latex particles was attempted. The PVDC latex was prepared by a dispersion polymerization route. Both chemical and thermal dehydrochlorination routes were attempted. Chemical dehydrochlorination, using a variety of base/solvent systems, led to nonporous, spherical black particles of the required size, but which contained only 60% carbon; most of the remainder was oxygen, introduced by nucleophilic substitution reactions. Thermal dehydrochlorination, at 700°C under a nitrogen atmosphere, using a fluidized bed arrangement, on the other hand, led to black particles, having 90% carbon and which retained their sphericity, but which were highly porous. Initial chemical dehydrochlorination, prior to thermal treatment, did not seem to reduce the porosity of the final carbons. Dispersions of the carbon particles in a variety of solvents were readily achieved. 相似文献
54.
Band broadening related to laminar flow and spray chamber dead volume is a potential problem in flow injection (FI)-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). We studied these two dispersion effects with a sheath flow capillary electrophoresis (CE)-ICP-MS interface. A numerical model was used to simulate advection diffusion processes in the CE-capillary and dispersion in the spray chamber. Experimental results of FI with this CE-ICP-MS interface agree well with numerical modeling results. Dispersion due to laminar flow depends strongly on capillary diameter and analyte diffusion coefficient and to a lesser extent on laminar velocity and capillary length and typically amounts to one order of magnitude peak width increase. Three spray chambers of 5, 20 and 150 ml dead volume showed an increase in band broadening and peak tailing with increasing dead volume. The use of standard Scott-type spray chambers (>90 ml volume) increases peak widths by 5-10 s regardless of injection time. The use of a low dead volume spray chamber is recommended for experiments where resolution is critical. The modeling approach can be extended to the coupling of other flow injection techniques, like micro-LC and nano-LC with ICP-MS. 相似文献
55.
研究了新显色剂4,4'-对偶氮苯重氮氨基偶氮苯与溴化十六烷基三甲铵(CTMAB)的显色反应.结果表明,在0.5mol·L-1 NaOH介质中,显色剂与CTMAB发生灵敏的显色反应,形成11的紫红色缔合物,其最大吸收波为575 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为5.02×104L·mol-1·cm-1,CTMAB的含量在0~100μg/25 mL范围内遵守比耳定律.据此建立了水中微量CTMAB的光度测定方法.该法是目前测定微量CTMAB的高灵敏方法之一.在EDTA存在下,显色反应具有良好的选择性,可直接用于环境水样的分析. 相似文献
56.
锐钛矿型纳米TiO2介孔粉体表面织构的研究 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
以硫酸钛和尿素为原料,聚乙二醇-1000为空间构造剂,104℃下经尿素水解均匀沉淀法研制颗粒分散均匀、粒径可控的高热稳定性锐钛矿型纳米TiO2介孔粉体,并对其晶相、颗粒大小、比表面积、形貌和孔道结构进行了表征.结果表明,未经任何热处理的TiO2粉体即为锐钛型晶相,颗粒为均匀分散的类球型颗粒,且颗粒间形成直通型的介孔孔道,其孔径在10~30nm之间.控制焙烧温度可以达到控制颗粒大小及形貌的目的,经850℃焙烧5h的样品仍保持锐钛矿型晶相,未出现向金红石型晶相转变的迹象. 相似文献
57.
1-substituted-5-benzoylamino-4-pyrazolecarboxamides(2)were prepared by the reaction of 1-substituted pyrazolo[3, 4-d]-oxazinone(1)with amines in benzene.The compound 2 was refluxed with excess LiAlH4 in a mixture of THF and ether, one of the two carbamoyl groups in the molecule 2 was reduced selectively.As the results, 1-substituted-5-benzylamino-4-pyrazolecarboxamides (3) were obtained.Compounds 3reacted with Cl2PPh-X, or P(NET2)3, producing the title compounds(4).The conditions of the reactions were studied. 相似文献
58.
Deying Chu Yu Lin Binggen Ru Ruilin Liu 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》1995,45(1-2):17-26
The circular dichroism was used to study the complexation of two isoforms of rabbit liver apo-metallothioneins (apo-MT1 and apo-MT2) with Cd2+ ion and the influence of Cd2+ ion on the conformation of reconstituted MTs. The stability of sulfhydryls of apo-MT has been investigated at the room temperature in the presence of air. The reconstitutions of apo-MT1 with Cd2+ ion were carried out atpH 4.71 (stable state) andpH 7.9 (with 90% sulfhydryls oxidated) respectively. it was found that the characteristic CD band at 257 nm(+), 238 nm(?), 226 nm(+) of reconstituted MT with Cd2+ ion was the same as native MT atpH 4.71, however only one peak at 243 nm(+) appeared on the CD spectra atpH 7.9 which arose from mononuclear complexes with four separated thiolate ligands per Cd2+ ion. The CD spectra of apo-MTs+7 eq Cd2+ system were measured at variouspH values. It was found that the peak at 256 nm of apo-MT1 binding Cd2+ ion split into two small peaks atpH between 2.42 and 3.02, and became one peak atpH 3.32, while the shapes of Cd peaks of apo-MT2 binding Cd2+ ion did not change withpH, indicating that the binding sites and pathway of apo-MT1 binding Cd2+ ion were different from those of apo-MT2. A possible mechanism was suggested. 相似文献
59.
若干中性配体对Mo—Fe—S簇合物自兜的影响 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
通过电子吸收光谱的变化研究了一些含N和含P中性配体对MoS_4~(2-)-nFeCl_2-DMF体系形成立方烷型Mo-Fe-S簇合物的可能影响。 相似文献
60.
Dr.-Ing. H. Wißbrock 《Archive of Applied Mechanics (Ingenieur Archiv)》1987,57(5):349-360
Übersicht Die Fugen zusammengesetzter Bauteile sind einerseits für eine nachteilige Steifigkeitsminderung verantwortlich, tragen aber andererseits durch Reibungsvorgänge wesentlich zum Dämpfungsvermögen einer Konstruktion bei. Merkliche Reibungsdämpfung ohne gleichzeitigen Steifigkeitsverlust bewirken zusätzliche Fugen, die durch Anbringen sogenannter Scheuerleisten entstehen. Der Autor stellt ein Näherungsverfahren zur dämpfungsoptimalen Auslegung von Scheuerleisten vor. Ausgehend von der zu dämpfenden Schwingungsform liefert dieses Verfahren Kriterien für eine günstige Scheuerleistenanordnung, geeignete Leistenabmessungen und als wichtigstes Ergebnis eine dämpfungsoptimale Fugenpressung, die zu maximaler Energiedissipation führt. Schließlich kann das zu erwartende Dämpfungsmaß berechnet und damit das Ergebnis einer vorgesehenen Dämpfungsmaßnahme abgeschätzt werden.
Damping by friction ledges: a practical design concept
Summary On the one hand, mating surfaces of structures are responsible for a reduction of stiffness, on the other hand relative motion produces friction, which contributes considerably to the damping. Noticeable friction damping without simultaneous stiffness reduction can be achieved by adding further mating surfaces. Such interfaces are realized by fastening additional elements (e.g. beamlike) onto the structure. An analytic approximation method for these so-called friction ledges is described in this paper. Initiating from the mode shape to be damped the procedure yields criteria for the suitable positioning and design of the ledges. Most important of all is the damping optimized interface pressure, that leads to maximum energy dissipation. Finally, the expected damping rate can be computed, and therefore the result of the proposed measure assessed.相似文献