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61.
T. Sekiya K. Yuasa S. Uchida S. Hachiya K. Hashimoto K. Kawasaki 《Liquid crystals》2013,40(5):1255-1267
Abstract Ferroelectric liquid crystalline polymers (FLCPs) with a low-moderate degree of polymerization were synthesized. These had a comb structure; the main chain was polyacrylate and the side chain consisted of a flexible spacer, a core and an optically active chiral end group. They exhibited electro-optic switching times ranging from a few milliseconds to a few seconds in the S*c phase. As the molecular weight M n increased, the range of the S*c shifted to higher temperatures. At a given temperature, the switching time increased with M n . Spontaneous polarizations P s , apparent cone angles 2θ, electro-optic switching times τ and rotational viscosities η of some polyoxyethylene FLCPs and corresponding low molecular weight ferroelectric liquid crystal materials (FLCs) were also measured. This is the first report of polyoxyethylene FLCPs. There was no significant difference in P s and 2θ, which shows that the arrangement of the side chains in the FLCP is similar to that of the molecules in ordinary FLC. On the contrary, τ and η for the FLCPs were 102–103 times as large as those for FLCs. The rotational viscosity of the FLCP was mainly dependent on the side chain structure rather than on the spacer. Therefore collisions between adjacent side chains cause large η values in FLCPs rather than hindrance to side chain gyration due to the spacer group. By combining FLCPs with ITO-coated plastic substrates, a large area matrix driven display has been made. Although an improvement in switching time is still needed, a flexible and lightweight display like a sheet of paper will be available in the near future. 相似文献
62.
Dr. Emi Uchida Dr. Kouji Sakaki Dr. Yumiko Nakamura Dr. Reiko Azumi Dr. Yuki Hirai Dr. Haruhisa Akiyama Dr. Masaru Yoshida Dr. Yasuo Norikane 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2013,19(51):17391-17397
Photoinduced phase transitions caused by photochromic reactions bring about a change in the state of matter at constant temperature. Herein, we report the photoinduced phase transitions of crystals of a photoresponsive macrocyclic compound bearing two azobenzene groups ( 1 ) at room temperature on irradiation with UV (365 nm) and visible (436 nm) light. The trans/trans isomer undergoes photoinduced phase transitions (crystal–isotropic phase–crystal) on UV light irradiation. The photochemically generated crystal exhibited reversible phase transitions between the crystal and the mesophase on UV and visible light irradiation. The molecular order of the randomly oriented crystals could be increased by irradiating with linearly polarized visible light, and the value of the order parameter was determined to be ?0.84. Heating enhances the thermal cis‐to‐trans isomerization and subsequent cooling returned crystals of the trans/trans isomer. 相似文献
63.
Li T Garg U Liu Y Marks R Nayak BK Rao PV Fujiwara M Hashimoto H Kawase K Nakanishi K Okumura S Yosoi M Itoh M Ichikawa M Matsuo R Terazono T Uchida M Kawabata T Akimune H Iwao Y Murakami T Sakaguchi H Terashima S Yasuda Y Zenihiro J Harakeh MN 《Physical review letters》2007,99(16):162503
The strength distributions of the giant monopole resonance (GMR) have been measured in the even-A Sn isotopes (A=112-124) with inelastic scattering of 400-MeV alpha particles in the angular range 0 degrees -8.5 degrees . We find that the experimentally observed GMR energies of the Sn isotopes are lower than the values predicted by theoretical calculations that reproduce the GMR energies in 208Pb and 90Zr very well. From the GMR data, a value of Ktau = -550 +/- 100 MeV is obtained for the asymmetry term in the nuclear incompressibility. 相似文献
64.
In order to improve the performance and durability of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs), various improvements in the microstructures of cathode catalyst layers (CLs) were initiated in the early 1990s. More recent advances in CL materials are highlighted, including carbon supports for improved accessibility of Pt nanoparticles (NPs), adsorption of ionomer on the Pt surface, high-oxygen-permeability ionomers, corrosion resistance of mesoporous and microporous carbons, and conductive ceramic supports with a fused-aggregate network structure. These approaches are summarized as stepwise improvements. The influences of the support structure on the distribution of Pt NPs and ionomer are reviewed, as well as their effects on performance and durability. These approaches for carbon supports are extended to conductive ceramic supports and the unique advantages are discussed. 相似文献
65.
66.
This paper proposes the use of a formal grammar for the verification of mathematical formulae for a practical mathematical
OCR system. Like a C compiler detecting syntax errors in a source file, we want to have a verification mechanism to find errors
in the output of mathematical OCR. A linear monadic context-free tree grammar (LM-CFTG) is employed as a formal framework
to define “well-formed” mathematical formulae. A cubic time parsing algorithm for LM-CFTGs is presented. For the purpose of
practical evaluation, a verification system for mathematical OCR is developed, and the effectiveness of the system is demonstrated
by using the ground-truthed mathematical document database InftyCDB-1 and a misrecognition database newly constructed for
this study. 相似文献
67.
The iridium-catalyzed allylic alkylation with azlactone and sequential aza-Cope rearrangement was demonstrated. The sequential reaction was effective in separating of diastereoisomers and afforded a diastereomerically pure azlactone derivative and oxazolinone derivative. 相似文献
68.
Miyazaki H. Kato J. Kawai S. Hatayama H. Uchida K. Otsuki M. Tagami J. Yokoo S. 《Laser Physics》2011,21(12):2128-2131
This study evaluated the surgical performance of a 405-nm diode laser in vivo, using living rat liver tissue. Tissue was incised
by irradiation with the laser at low output power ranging from 1 W (722 W/cm2) to 3 W (2165 W/cm2) on a manual control at a rate of 1 mm/s. As a control, incisions using a stainless scalpel were compared. Immediately after
operation, the surface of the incisions was macroscopically observed and histopathologically evaluated by microscopy. Laser-ablated
liver tissue was smooth with observable signs of remnant carbonization and easily acquired hemostasis. The thickness of the
denatured layer increased in proportion to the output power; the coagulation layer did not thicken accordingly. Bleeding could
not be stopped for tissues incised with the stainless scalpel. The 405-nm diode laser thus proved to be effective for ablating
soft tissue with high hemostatic ability at low power. 相似文献
69.
Wan LJ Moriyama T Ito M Uchida H Watanabe M 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2002,(1):58-59
The formation of a Pt skin layer with predominantly (111)-oriented facets induced by dissolution of Fe atoms in a Pt-Fe alloy for fuel cell applications is investigated for the first time by using in situ electrochemical STM in 0.1 M HClO4 solution. 相似文献
70.
We study the effect of naval nuclear reactors on the study of neutrino oscillations. We find that the presence of naval reactors at unknown locations and times may limit the accuracy of future very long baseline reactor-based neutrino oscillation experiments. At the same time, we argue that a nuclear powered surface ship such as a large Russian icebreaker may provide an ideal source for precision experiments. 相似文献