On the characterization of dihydro-oxazin-6-ones and N-acetylazetidin-2-ones by mass spectrometry

Mass spectrometry has been used in an attempt to resolve the ambiguity in the structures of the isomeric dihydro-oxazin-6-ones and N-acyl-azetidin-2-ones.     

Relative escape depth of Auger and photoelectrons from a solid surface

A new method of determining the escape depth of electrons in the energy range 0–1000 eV is described. Values obtained were 6.1 Å and 6.8 Å at 234 and 266 eV, respectively, in GeO₂.     

Simplicial fixed point algorithms: Volume 129 in: Mathematical Centre Tracts,Mathematisch Centrum,Amsterdam, 1980, iv + 172 pages,Dfl.21.00

This work provides a reliability analysis for power units which are deliberately shutdown when undemanded. A gas turbine is a common example of such a unit. Two appropriate interrelated reliability criteria are mathematically formulated and the relation to their ordinary counterparts is investigated. Using semi-Markov and renewal theory methods these criteria are computed under different assumptions with regard to the stochastic behavior of the demand on the unit and the time to failure and repair time distributions.     

Studies of phthalic acid and related compounds by positive- and negative-ion chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry (± CI/MS/MS)

The positive- and negative-ion chemical ionization (± CI) behavior of phthalic acid and four related compounds (phthalic anhydride, phthalide, biphthalyl, and anthraquinone-2-carboxyIic acid) are characterized by tandem mass spectrometry with low-energy collisionally activated dissociation. Principal fragmentation pathways have been established, and molecular and fragment ions arising from these compounds have been differentiated from adduct and dimer ions, as well as from ions due to impurities. The ubiquitous nature of these compounds in analytical samples makes it important to identify the corresponding ions, and thus to be able to exclude them from consideration in the identification of other sample components.     

Superselection rules in quantum theory: Part II. Subensemble selection

A dynamical analysis of standard procedures for subensemble selection is used to show that the state restriction violation proposal in Part I of the paper cannot be realized by employing familiar correlation schemes. However, it is shown that measurement of an observable not commuting with the superselection operator is possible, a violation of the observable restrictions. This is interpreted as supporting the position that each of these restrictions is sufficient but not necessary for the superselection rule. The results do constitute a proposal for superselection rule violation in theories requiring both restrictions, e.g., the axiomatic treatment by Bogolubov, Logunov, and Todorov. It is also concluded that superselection rules place restrictions on procedures for selective state preparations using correlations. More generally, it is conjectured that a mathematically conceivable decomposition of a given density operator does not necessarily represent a possibility for partitioning of the corresponding ensemble into subensembles by any physically realizable means.     

Synthesis and characterization of a solvatochromic,lipophilic fluorescent oxazone: 1-Pentyl-7-dimethylamino-3H-phenoxazine-3-one

Olivetol and 4-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline were combined under reflux in acetic acid to produce 1-pentyl-7-dimethylamino-3H-phenoxazine-3-one (1-PDMPO). The fluorescent behavior of the purified compound in a variety of solutions and samples was investigated. Excitation and emission spectra in pure solvents and mixtures of solvents demonstrate solvatochromism, indicating that the fluorescence response of this compound is affected by its environment. Nonpolar, aprotic solvents as well as protic, polar solvents diminish fluorescent emission in the spectral regions examined, and trends in the fluorescence decary lifetimes measured in five pure solvents are consistent with these intensity changes. The anisotropy excitation spectrum taken in glycerol for 1-PDMPO at –15°C appears to be consistent with the presence of a single electronic state upon excitation, with anisotropy values approaching 0.35 over 400–600 nm. Fluorescence emission is also diminished at low acid concentrations in methanol, with smaller decreases observed in more highly concentrated basic solutions. Emission peaks in aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate solutions, extruded egg phosphatidylcholine vesicles, and fatty acid free bovine serum albumin suspensions all lie above 600 nm, with emission in the albumin suspension displaying a broad shoulder extending to 800 nm. The fluorescent properties of this compound suggest that it or structural homologues may have utility as fluorescent biological probes.Presented in part at the Biophysical Society Meeting, Washington, DC (February 1993).     

Mass spectral studies of unsaturated carboxylic acids—I: Some cyclic and acyclic βγ-unsaturated acids

The mass spectra of a series of βγ-unsaturated cyclic and acyclic carboxylic acids are reported. Metastable ion studies and precise mass measurements have been employed in demonstrating that the ten compounds studied conform to one or other of two generalised fragmentation pathways.