全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2893篇 |
免费 | 80篇 |
国内免费 | 12篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1820篇 |
晶体学 | 16篇 |
力学 | 87篇 |
数学 | 625篇 |
物理学 | 437篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 38篇 |
2020年 | 29篇 |
2019年 | 37篇 |
2018年 | 23篇 |
2016年 | 48篇 |
2015年 | 69篇 |
2014年 | 69篇 |
2013年 | 130篇 |
2012年 | 118篇 |
2011年 | 130篇 |
2010年 | 72篇 |
2009年 | 74篇 |
2008年 | 112篇 |
2007年 | 89篇 |
2006年 | 76篇 |
2005年 | 79篇 |
2004年 | 67篇 |
2003年 | 43篇 |
2002年 | 61篇 |
2001年 | 30篇 |
2000年 | 43篇 |
1999年 | 49篇 |
1998年 | 37篇 |
1997年 | 40篇 |
1996年 | 29篇 |
1995年 | 39篇 |
1994年 | 26篇 |
1993年 | 29篇 |
1992年 | 35篇 |
1991年 | 25篇 |
1990年 | 22篇 |
1989年 | 20篇 |
1988年 | 26篇 |
1987年 | 31篇 |
1986年 | 27篇 |
1985年 | 46篇 |
1984年 | 33篇 |
1983年 | 22篇 |
1982年 | 24篇 |
1981年 | 38篇 |
1980年 | 38篇 |
1979年 | 35篇 |
1978年 | 24篇 |
1977年 | 40篇 |
1976年 | 32篇 |
1975年 | 23篇 |
1974年 | 21篇 |
1971年 | 20篇 |
1933年 | 20篇 |
1930年 | 21篇 |
排序方式: 共有2985条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
The rheological properties of microemulsion-triblock copolymer [poly(oxyethylene)-b-polyisoprene-b-poly(oxyethylene)] networks were studied by oscillatory shear measurements. The principal viscoelastic pattern of our systems stays the same whether the surfactant is ionic or nonionic. A closer examination shows, however, the enormous influence of the respective phase behavior of the underlying microemulsions. Also, specific interactions between the surfactants and the hydrophilic poly(oxyethylene) blocks lead to a significant effect on the formation of network structures.Characteristic rheological data such as plateau moduli and relaxation times for a series of different samples were derived differing in polymer or droplet concentrations, apart from the molecular weights of the poly-(oxyethylene) and the polyisoprene blocks. Finally, we could construct polymer and droplet concentration invariant master — mastercurves using the temperature invariant mastercurves. 相似文献
32.
A new capillary electrophoretic (CE) technique was developed for the separation of lignin degradation products after permanganate oxidation, yielding information about quality and quantity of various linkages in the lignin molecule. This CE method is a promising alternative to existing gas chromatographic (GC) methods. An advantage in comparison with GC is the short separation time and the fact that the oxidation products (aromatic acids) can be analyzed without derivatization. The selectivity and sensitivity of CE combined with UV detection is adequate and makes it suited for fast routine characterization of lignins. If necessary, the CE method can be coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in order to make a clear assignment of the peaks. 相似文献
33.
Ehret R Baumann W Brischwein M Lehmann M Henning T Freund I Drechsler S Friedrich U Hubert ML Motrescu E Kob A Palzer H Grothe H Wolf B 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》2001,369(1):30-35
The identification of drug targets for pharmaceutical screening can be greatly accelerated by gene databases and expression studies. The identification of leading compounds from growing libraries is realized by high throughput screening platforms. Subsequently, for optimization and validation of identified leading compounds studies of their functionality have to be carried out, and just these functionality tests are a limiting factor. A rigorous preselection of identified compounds by in vitro cellular screening is necessary prior to using the drug candidates for the further time consuming and expensive stage, e.g. in animal models. Our efforts are focused to the parallel development, adaptation and integration of different microelectronic sensors into miniaturized biochips for a multiparametric, functional on-line analysis of living cells in physiologically environments. Parallel and on-line acquisition of data related to different cellular targets is required for advanced stages of drug screening and for economizing animal tests. 相似文献
34.
35.
Chiral carbenium ions can be attacked by arene nucleophiles with high facial diastereoselectivity (dr >/= 94/6). Benzylic cations, such as 2, were generated under acidic conditions and reacted with arenes in intra- and intermolecular Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction. The depicted reaction 1 --> 3 represents one example for the unprecedented, highly diastereoselective intermolecular Friedel-Crafts alkylation reactions which were observed in this study. 相似文献
36.
The successive reaction of (CO)6M with Na[NCR21] and [Et3O]BF4 yields (CO)5M[C(NCR21)OEt] (II: M = Cr; III: M = W; CR21 = C(C6H4Br-p)2 (a), CPh2 (b), C(C6H4OMe-p)2 (c), C(C6H4)2O (d), CBu2tt (e)). Hexacarbonyltungsten, (CO)6W, reacts with Na[NCPh2] and MeOSO2F to give (CO)5W[C(NCPh2) OMe] (IV). X-Ray analysis of IIe shows that: (1) the CNC fragment is almost linear (171.7°); (2) the two NC bond lengths are equal within experimental error; and (3) the O,C,Cr,N plane is perpendicular to the C(Me3),C,N,C(Me3) plane (90.0°). Therefore compounds II–IV are best described as 1-alkoxy-2-azaallenyl complexes. 相似文献
37.
Friedrich Scholl 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1969,245(1-2):49-54
Zusammenfassung Für das zur Herstellung von Bleibatterien verwendete Grauoxid (bestehend aus einem feinteiligen Gemisch von ca. 60 bis 90% Bleioxid, PbO, und einem Rest metallischem Blei) wurde ein Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen bzw. quasikontinuierlichen, automatischen Bestimmung des PbO-Gehaltes an den Fertigungsanlagen benötigt. Eine schnelle Analyse mit vergleichsweise geringem Aufwand war durch Messung der Lösungswärme bei Behandlung einer abgewogenen Menge Grauoxid mit verd. Essigsäure möglich. Unter technisch bequem realisierbaren Bedingungen wurden Temperaturerhöhungen von einigen Grad erhalten. Der Einfluß verschiedener Arbeitsbedingungen, der verschiedenen PbO-Modifikationen und der Teilchengröße und -form wurde untersucht. Zur Zeit wird eine für die Fertigung bestimmte, automatische Apparatur aufgebaut, die bei einer Analysenfolge von 1 min die Bestimmung mit einer Standardabweichung unter ±1% durchzuführen gestattet.
Automatic procedure for the determination of the lead oxide content of gray oxides by measurement of the heat of solution
A continuous or semicontinuous automatic method for the determination of the lead oxide content was needed in the manufacturing process of gray oxides (a fine particle mixture of about 60 to 90% lead oxide, PbO, and metallic lead, used in manufacturing lead batteries).A rapid determination with comparatively small effort was possible by measuring the heat of solution of a weighed amount of gray oxides treated with acetic acid. Temperature rise of a few degrees could be reached under technically realisable conditions. The influence of different working conditions, of the particle size and shape and of the PbO modifications were investigated. An automatic apparatus for the determination is at present being built and will give one determination per minute with a standard deviation of less than ±1%.相似文献
38.
Djaković-Sekulić Tatjana Perišić-Janjić Nada Sârbu Costel Lozanov-Crvenković Zagorka 《平面色谱法杂志一现代薄层色谱法》2007,20(4):251-257
JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC - Reversed-phase (RP) HPTLC with aqueous ammonia-organic modifier (acetonitrile, dioxane, acetone) mobile phases has been used to... 相似文献
39.
M. Friedrich K. Hiller M. Wiemer T. Geßner D. R. T. Zahn 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》1998,361(6-7):558-559
Basic investigations have been carried out on the characterization of different processing steps in bond preparation using
etched <111> faces of silicon wafers for the incidence of the infrared beam to a multiple internal reflection geometry. The
method is very sensitive to the surface coverage and interface. Surface activation by RCA cleaning yields an increase of water
coverage and a decrease of SiH and CH groups. The detection limit for an oxide layer between silicon wafers has been found
to be about 3 nm.
Received: 18 July 1997 / Revised: 15 August 1997 / Accepted: 19 August 1997 相似文献
40.
Schultz György Hargittai István Rot Nicolette Bickelhaupt Friedrich 《Structural chemistry》1998,9(3):209-214
The molecular structure of 1,3,5-tris (trimethylstannyl) benzene has been determined by gas-phase electron diffraction. The C — C bond length is in good agreement with that in benzene. In agreement with the somewhat electron-releasing character of the substituents, the endocyclic bond angles at the substituents are somewhat smaller than 120°. The mean value of Sn — C bond lengths is greater than that in tetraphenyltin and tetramethyltin. The SnMe3 groups appear freely rotating around the Caryl — Sn bonds. The following bond lengths (r
g) and bond angles were determined: (Sn — C)mean 2.150 ± 0.007 Å, C — C 1.399 ± 0.005 Å, (C — H)mean 1.105 ± 0.006 Å, < C — C(Sn) — C 117.7 ± 1.7º, < Caryl — Sn — Cmethyl 106.7 ± 0.7º < Sn — C — H 111.5 ± 0.9º. 相似文献