在线质谱仪检测植物排放的挥发性有机物

利用在线检测质谱仪(SPIMS-1000)分别对高温烘烤、长时间密封保存、机械损伤等处理过的松科松属马尾松(Pinus Massoniana L.)样品排放的挥发性有机物(VOCs)与新鲜样品进行对比检测。SPIMS-1000在线检测质谱仪能够检测出植物排放的异戊二烯(m/z 68)和单萜(m/z 136),及其它一些特异性组分,如(Z)-3-己烯醛(m/z 98)等。利用在线检测质谱仪实现敞开环境中原位植物排放气体的检测。实验表明,在线检测质谱仪被广泛应用于环境中VOCs的实时、在线、定性快速检测。     

宽离子能量检测范围垂直引入反射式飞行时间质谱仪的研制

本实验室研制了国内首台宽离子能量检测范围飞行时间质谱仪。仪器采用紧凑式电子轰击源设计,配合离子透镜系统有效的调制离子流,飞行时间质量分析器采用了离子垂直引入式,双场加速和双场反射以及大尺寸MCP检测装置设计。仪器单离子信号半峰宽约2 ns,仪器分辨率优于1600FWHM,检测实际样品质量范围为1~127 amu(仪器理论质量检测上限优于800 amu),可检测离子能量范围优于2个数量级(3~140 eV)。若该TOF质量分析器与短瞬高压脉冲放电离子源耦合联用,可广泛应用于高能离子束的快速检测,如真空阴极放电对制备薄膜、离子注入材料的表征,导电材料的离子电荷态分布以及离子扩散速度的测定等。     

ZnO/CdS复合材料的合成与可见光催化性能

采用喷雾辅助气相沉积法在水热法合成的ZnO纳米线上沉积CdS纳米颗粒。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、激光拉曼仪（Raman）、扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）、X射线光电子能谱分析谱（XPS）和紫外可见漫反射光谱等测试手段对复合光催化剂进行表征。结果表明,3~10 nm的CdS纳米粒子修饰在直径约为100 nm ZnO纳米线的表面。XPS和Raman表明复合材料中ZnO和CdS之间存在化学相互作用。可见光催化降解罗丹明B实验结果表明ZnO/CdS复合材料的催化性能优于单相CdS或ZnO,沉积时间为30 s合成的ZnO/CdS速率常数分别是CdS和ZnO的2.91和4.03倍,且具有较高的稳定性。ZnO/CdS复合材料光催化性能增强的可能原因为光吸收范围的拓展和光生载流子分离效率的提高。     

基于CAR模型国内A股市场反应不足的实证分析

主要关注的主体异象为反应不足,在已有的HS模型基础上,对我国IPO改革背景下的证券市场投资策略进行了实证研究.实证过程中主要采用了市场调整模型计算累计超额收益率,并根据样本条件划分适当的形成期和检验期.在此基础上,以经典的"赢者组合"和"输者组合"方法对实证数据进行分析,最终发现A股市场中存在反应不足的金融异象.     

Evaluation of Se(IV) removal from aqueous solution by GMZ Na-bentonite: batch experiment and modeling studies

Bentonite has been studied extensively because of its strong sorption and complexation ability. In this work, the sorption of Se(IV) on purified GMZ bentonite was investigated under ambient temperature as functions of contact time, pH, Se(IV) concentration and co-existing ion Eu(III) using batch techniques. Sorption kinetics of Se(IV) was successfully described by the pseudo-second-order rate equation. The sorption amount of Se(IV) was strongly dependent on the solution pH, and a positive effect was observed on Se(IV) and Eu(III) co-sorption when these two elements existed in the same system under high surface coverage of sorbent. Double layer model was set up and used to quantitatively interpret the sorption experimental data collected in binary and ternary sorption systems. From the experimental results, one can conclude that GMZ bentonite may have good potentialities for immobilizing selenium in nuclear wastes.     

基于纳米氧化铜修饰的异戊巴比妥的新型电化学传感器的制备与应用

在纳米氧化铜修饰的玻碳电极表面电聚合一种能够快速检测尿液中异戊巴比妥(AMB)的分子印迹敏感膜,研究了该敏感膜的最佳成膜条件及最佳工作条件.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、循环伏安(CV)和电化学交流阻抗法(EIS)研究了印迹膜的表面形貌及性能.电化学实验结果表明,纳米氧化铜能提高传感器对AMB的灵敏度.在最佳实验条件下,铁氰化钾分子探针的差分脉冲伏安(DPV)峰电流响应值与AMB的浓度在1.0×10-7~1.4×10-4mol/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系(线性相关系数R=0.9966);检出限为2.1×10-9mol/L(S/N=3).此印迹传感器可用于尿液中AMB的检测,加标回收率为94.00%~104.67%.     

SiO2纳米颗粒与聚氧乙烯对Pickering乳液的协同稳定作用简

研究了聚氧乙烯(PEO)与SiO2纳米颗粒对水/二甲苯体系Pickering乳液的协同稳定作用. 实验发现,PEO的存在减小了乳液液滴的平均直径,抑制了乳液的相反转,有效阻止了乳液的熟化,使乳液具有更好的稳定性. 进一步对纳米颗粒膜的流变性质进行研究,结果表明,PEO高分子促进了纳米颗粒形成更大尺寸的聚集结构,提高了其在界面上的吸附性,增强了颗粒膜的力学性能,在较小颗粒用量条件下使得Gibbs稳定性判据得到满足.     

Chemical composition and in vitro evaluation of the cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of supercritical carbon dioxide extracts of pitaya (dragon fruit) peel

Background

Hylocereus polyrhizus and Hylocereus undatus are two varieties of the commonly called pitaya fruits, and pitaya fruits have gained popularity in many countries all over the world. However, studies on chemical composition and the nutritional quality of pitaya flesh peel are limited.

Results

Extracts of pitaya (H. polyrhizus and H. undatus) peel were extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. Their cytotoxic and antioxidant activities were investigated. The main components of H. polyrhizus extract were β-amyrin (15.87%), α-amyrin (13.90%), octacosane (12.2%), γ-sitosterol (9.35%), octadecane (6.27%), 1-tetracosanol (5.19%), stigmast-4-en-3-one (4.65%), and campesterol (4.16%), whereas H. undatus were β-amyrin (23.39%), γ-sitosterol (19.32%), and octadecane (9.25%), heptacosane (5.52%), campesterol (5.27%), nonacosane (5.02%), and trichloroacetic acid, hexadecyl ester (5.21%). Both of the two extracts possessed good cytotoxic activities against PC3, Bcap-37, and MGC-803 cells (IC₅₀ values ranging from 0.61 to 0.73 mg/mL), and the activities of their main components were also studied. Furthermore, these extracts also presented some radical scavenging activities, with IC₅₀ values of 0.83 and 0.91 mg/mL, respectively.

Conclusion

This paper provides evidence for studying the chemical composition of supercritical carbon dioxide extracts of pitaya peel and their biological activity.     

基于选择性填充的超高非线性纳米纤芯光纤特性

为了改善纳米纤芯光纤的非线性与色散特性,提出利用气孔填充非线性液体的新型纳米纤芯光纤结构来增强现有纳米纤芯光纤的非线性系数,利用选择性填充方法来改进现有纳米纤芯光纤的特性调控能力,实现改善光纤非线性和色散特性目的.分析结果表明采用选择性气孔填充方式和适当的光纤参量有助于实现光纤单模单偏振工作,可以大幅度地提升纳米纤芯光纤的非线性系数和改善光纤色散特性.     

分光计调整方法的改进及白光色散研究

普通物理实验中使用分光计观察白光散射,测量三棱镜顶角,最小偏向角等。但在测量前需借助三棱镜调整分光计,有人通过理论分析发现传统的调节方法存在误调和误差,并提出了改进的实验调整方法。本文我们通过实验来验证该方法是否可行,并在实验中发现了其它的问题。