MHD natural convection flow with radiative heat transfer past an impulsively moving plate with ramped wall temperature

Influence of radiation on unsteady hydromagnetic natural convection transient flow near an impulsively moving vertical flat plate with ramped wall temperature in a porous medium is studied. Exact solution of momentum and energy equations, under Boussinesq approximation, is obtained in closed form by Laplace transform technique. The variations in fluid velocity and temperature are shown graphically whereas numerical values of skin friction and Nusselt number are presented in tabular form.     

Rapid synthesis of diversely functionalized 3,4,7-trisubstituted indoles

Synthetic approaches are described for the synthesis of 4-alkoxyindole-7-carboxamides and 4-alkoxy-3-cyanoindole-7-carboxamides, which are useful intermediates in medicinal chemistry research. Two strategies were employed, highlighted by a Bartoli indole synthesis or a sequential and regioselective use of chlorosulfonyl isocyanate to install both the 3-cyano and 7-carboxamido groups. These routes are scalable and afford diversely functionalized indoles for further elaboration.     

A general synthetic route to 4-substituted-2,2′-bithiophenes

A new synthetic route to 4-substituted-2,2′-bithiophenes has been developed utilizing 4-bromo-2,2′-bithiophene ( 1 ). Formation of the bithienyllithium adduct via halogen-metal exchange was found to be problematic and resulted in complex mixtures of products. The Grignard reagent of 1 can be obtained easily via the “entrainment” method, allowing the production of 4-substituted-2,2′-bithiophenes (where sub-stituent = octyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxymethyl, carboxy, carbomethoxy, acetoxyethyl, and acetoxymethyl).     

Contrasting Response of Two Dipolar Fluorescence Probes in a Leucine‐Based Organogel and Its Implications

The microenvironments of a leucine‐based organogel are probed by monitoring the fluorescence behavior of coumarin 153 (C153) and 4‐aminophthalimide (AP). The steady‐state data reveals distinctly different locations of the two molecules in the gel. Whereas AP resides close to the hydroxyl moieties of the gelator and engages in hydrogen‐bonding interactions, C153 is found in bulk‐toluene‐like regions. In contrast to C153, AP exhibits excitation‐wavelength‐dependent emission, indicating that the environments of the hydrogen‐bonded AP molecules are not all identical. A two‐component fluorescence decay of AP in gel, unlike C153, supports this model. A time‐resolved fluorescence anisotropy study of the rotational motion of the molecules also reveals the strong association of only AP with the gelator. That AP influences the critical gelation concentration implies its direct involvement in the gel‐formation process. The results highlight the importance of guest–gelator interactions in gels containing guest molecules.     

Effect of Controlled Deposition of ZnS Shell on the Photostability of CdTe Quantum Dots as Studied by Conventional Fluorescence and FCS Techniques

The effect of one and two monolayers of ZnS shells on the photostability of CdTe quantum dots (QDs) in aqueous and nonaqueous media has been studied by monitoring the fluorescence behavior of the QDs under ensemble and single‐molecule conditions. ZnS capping of the CdTe QDs leads to significant enhancement of the fluorescence brightness of these QDs. Considerable enhancement of the photostability of the shell‐protected QDs, including the suppression of photoactivation, is also observed. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy measurements reveal an increase in the number of particles undergoing reversible fluorescent on–off transitions in the volume under observation with increasing excitation power; this effect is found to be more pronounced in the case of core‐only QDs than for core–shell QDs.     

Synthesis of 8‐Aminoquinolines by Using Carbamate Reagents: Facile Installation and Deprotection of Practical Amidating Groups

Described herein is the development of practical routes to 8‐aminoquinolines by using readily installable and easily deprotectable amidating reagents. Two scalable procedures were optimized under Rh^III‐catalyzed conditions: i) the use of pre‐generated chlorocarbamates and ii) a two‐step one‐pot process that directly employs carbamates. Both approaches are highly convenient for the gram‐scale synthesis of 8‐aminoquinolines under mild conditions. Facile deprotection of the synthetically versatile amidating groups was achieved under the Pd‐catalyzed transfer hydrogenation conditions with simultaneous deoxygenation of quinoline N‐oxides, thus yielding 8‐aminoquinolines in excellent overall efficiency.     

Co-operative intra-protein structural response due to protein–protein complexation revealed through thermodynamic quantification: study of MDM2-p53 binding

The p53 protein activation protects the organism from propagation of cells with damaged DNA having oncogenic mutations. In normal cells, activity of p53 is controlled by interaction with MDM2. The well understood p53-MDM2 interaction facilitates design of ligands that could potentially disrupt or prevent the complexation owing to its emergence as an important objective for cancer therapy. However, thermodynamic quantification of the p53-peptide induced structural changes of the MDM2-protein remains an area to be explored. This study attempts to understand the conformational free energy and entropy costs due to this complex formation from the histograms of dihedral angles generated from molecular dynamics simulations. Residue-specific quantification illustrates that, hydrophobic residues of the protein contribute maximum to the conformational thermodynamic changes. Thermodynamic quantification of structural changes of the protein unfold the fact that, p53 binding provides a source of inter-element cooperativity among the protein secondary structural elements, where the highest affected structural elements (α2 and α4) found at the binding site of the protein affects faraway structural elements (β1 and Loop1) of the protein. The communication perhaps involves water mediated hydrogen bonded network formation. Further, we infer that in inhibitory F19A mutation of P53, though Phe19 is important in the recognition process, it has less prominent contribution in the stability of the complex. Collectively, this study provides vivid microscopic understanding of the interaction within the protein complex along with exploring mutation sites, which will contribute further to engineer the protein function and binding affinity.     

Facile synthesis of substituted pyrrole-fused isocoumarins from ninhydrin

A simple and efficient procedure has been developed for the synthesis of substituted pyrrole-fused isocoumarins from easily available ninhydrin. The cyclic hemiaminal dihydroxy-indenopyrroles, the adducts of ninhydrin with enamines of acetylacetone, give pyrrole-fused isocoumarins upon heating in acidic medium. The process constitutes an interesting acid-catalyzed rearrangement to eight-membered lactams followed by intramolecular cyclization involving the amino and keto groups.     

11-Step enantioselective synthesis of (-)-lomaiviticin aglycon

Lomaiviticins A and B are complex antitumor antibiotics that were isolated from a strain of Micromonospora. A confluence of several unusual structural features renders the lomaiviticins exceedingly challenging targets for chemical synthesis. We report an 11-step, enantioselective synthetic route to lomaiviticin aglycon. Our route proceeds by late-stage, stereoselective dimerization of two equivalent monomeric intermediates, a transformation that may share parallels with the natural products' biosyntheses. The route we describe is scalable and convergent, and it lays the foundation for determination of the mode of action of these natural products.