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11.
Abstract The dimerization by hetero Diels-Alder reaction of methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-3-deoxy-3-C-methylene-α-D-erythro-hexopyranosid-2-ulose was found to be regio and stereospecific. The structure of the cycloadduct was assigned from NMR spectrographic and X-ray crystallographic results. These results indicated that this cycloaddition occurred by a concerted hetero Diels-Alder reaction with inverse electron demand. 相似文献
12.
The accuracy of tomographic particle image velocimetry for measurements of a turbulent boundary layer 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Callum Atkinson Sebastien Coudert Jean-Marc Foucaut Michel Stanislas Julio Soria 《Experiments in fluids》2011,50(4):1031-1056
To investigate the accuracy of tomographic particle image velocimetry (Tomo-PIV) for turbulent boundary layer measurements,
a series of synthetic image-based simulations and practical experiments are performed on a high Reynolds number turbulent
boundary layer at Reθ = 7,800. Two different approaches to Tomo-PIV are examined using a full-volume slab measurement and a thin-volume “fat” light
sheet approach. Tomographic reconstruction is performed using both the standard MART technique and the more efficient MLOS-SMART
approach, showing a 10-time increase in processing speed. Random and bias errors are quantified under the influence of the
near-wall velocity gradient, reconstruction method, ghost particles, seeding density and volume thickness, using synthetic
images. Experimental Tomo-PIV results are compared with hot-wire measurements and errors are examined in terms of the measured
mean and fluctuating profiles, probability density functions of the fluctuations, distributions of fluctuating divergence
through the volume and velocity power spectra. Velocity gradients have a large effect on errors near the wall and also increase
the errors associated with ghost particles, which convect at mean velocities through the volume thickness. Tomo-PIV provides
accurate experimental measurements at low wave numbers; however, reconstruction introduces high noise levels that reduces
the effective spatial resolution. A thinner volume is shown to provide a higher measurement accuracy at the expense of the
measurement domain, albeit still at a lower effective spatial resolution than planar and Stereo-PIV. 相似文献
13.
The 3,5-disubstituted 1-amino-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triones were synthesized in good yields from aromatic aldehyde or ketone ethoxycarbonylhydrazones by treatment with aryl or methyl isocyanates in boiling triethylamine followed by hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid solution. 相似文献
14.
15.
We study a nonlinear elliptic problem with non-local boundary conditions and variable exponent. We prove an existence and uniqueness result of weak solution to this problem with general maximal monotone graphs. 相似文献
16.
Entropy solutions for nonlinear elliptic anisotropic problems with homogeneous Neumann boundary condition 下载免费PDF全文
This study is about a nonlinear anisotropic problem with homogeneous Neumann boundary condition. We first prove, by using the technic of monotone operators in Banach spaces, the existence of weak solution, and by approximation methods, we achieve a result of existence and uniqueness of entropy solution 相似文献
17.
Abstract The study is focused on the dolomite-limestone drinking water aquifers in the Bo? massif, as well as on the andesite-aquifer containing mineral water in the vicinity of Roga?ka Slatina. The catchment area is limited and both drinking and mineral waters are discharged from the same source. The increasing use of deeper aquifers means that natural springs and shallow wells have become sporadic. Consequently new techniques of investigating recharge and aquifer capacity are required which can augment classical hydrogeological methods. Current research into the mineral and drinking water aquifers in the area of Roga?ka Slatina is based on measuring the isotopic composition of light elements, (H, C and O) as natural tracers. It can be concluded that all the groundwaters investigated are typically infiltrated meteoric water. The drinking waters are generally young and were infiltrated up to about ten years ago. The isotopic composition of oxygen is similar to recent precipitation (δ18O = -9.3 ± 1‰) and the drinking waters contain tritium. It was found that exploited mineral waters recharged aquifers during colder periods; they are only partly mixed with younger water as can be seen from the isotopic composition of oxygen and corrected 14C dating, which puts the mean ages at between around 100 and 8,000 years. With regard to the “nuclear period” (1960-64) with abnormally high tritium activities of precipitation, all the waters examined can be divided into at least three main infiltration groups depending on their measured tritium content: around 35 years old (> 80 T.U.), older (> 10 T.U.) and younger (10 to 60 T.U.). Detailed dating is possible following the above classification. Isotope exchange between rocks and water is negligible and therefore very deep circulation at the temperature conditions above 80°C does not occur. Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the drinking waters is the result of equilibrium reactions between carbonates and organically produced CO2 (δ13C = - 14.5 ± ‰), while the high concentrations of DIC (δ13C = + 3 ±‰) and CO2 observed in the mineral waters are generated by low-temperature decarbonatization processes and indicate the deep origin of CO2, from where gas migrates into mineral water aquifers. Correlation analyses between the parameters studied are performed. Useful conclusions concerning water circulation and the capacities of aquifer reservoirs are described which support the future optimal pumping of mineral and drinking water at the limited catchment area of Roga?ka Slatina and Bo?. 相似文献
18.
19.
Robin Cellier Sylvain Brail Julien Barre Ekaterina Epova Anne-Laure Ronzani Cornelis Van Leeuwen Stanislas Milcent Patrick Ors Olivier F. X. Donard 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(16)
The 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 39 Champagnes from six different brands, originating from the whole “Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée” (AOC) Champagne was analyzed to establish a possible relation with the geographical origin. Musts (i.e., grape juice) and base wines were also analyzed to study the evolution of the Sr isotopic ratio during the elaboration process of sparkling wine. The results demonstrate that there is a very homogeneous Sr isotopic ratio (87Sr/86Sr = 0.70812, n = 37) and a narrow span of variability (2σ = 0.00007, n = 37). Moreover, the Sr concentrations in Champagnes have also low variability, which can be in part explained by the homogeneity of the bedrock in the AOC Champagne. Measurements of the 87Sr/86Sr ratio from musts and base wines show that blending during Champagne production plays a major role in the limited variability observed. Further, the 87Sr/86Sr of the musts were closely linked to the 87Sr/86Sr ratio of the vineyard soil. It appears that the 87Sr/86Sr of the product does not change during the elaboration process, but its variability decreases throughout the process due to blending. Both the homogeneity of the soil composition in the Champagne AOC and the blending process during the wine making process with several blending steps at different stages account for the unique and stable Sr isotopic signature of the Champagne wines. 相似文献
20.
Stereoscopic PIV measurements of a turbulent boundary layer with a large spatial dynamic range 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The flow in a streamwise/wall-normal plane of a turbulent boundary layer at moderate Reynolds number (Re
θ = 2,200) is characterized using two stereo PIV systems just overlapping in the streamwise direction. The aim is to generate
SPIV data for near-wall turbulence with enough spatial dynamic range to resolve most of the coherent structures present in
the flow and to facilitate future comparisons with direct numerical simulations. This is made possibly through the use of
four cameras with large CCD arrays (4,008 px × 2,672 px) and through a rigorous experimental procedure designed to minimize
the impact of measurement noise on the resolution of the small scales. For the first time, both a large field of view [S
x
; S
y
] = [2.6δ; 0.75δ] and a high spatial resolution (with an interrogation window size of 13.6+) have been achieved. The quality of the data is assessed through an analysis of some of the statistical results such as the
mean velocity profile, the rms and the PDF of the fluctuations, and the power spectra. 相似文献