Emission features of Ho ion in Nb2O5, Ta2O5 and La2O3 mixed Li2O-ZrO2-SiO2 glasses

Li₂O-ZrO₂-SiO₂: Ho³⁺ glasses mixed with three interesting d-block elemental oxides, viz., Nb₂O₅, Ta₂O₅ and La₂O₃, were prepared. Optical absorption and photoluminescence spectra of these glasses have been recorded at room temperature. The luminescence spectra of Nb₂O₅ and Ta₂O₅ mixed Li₂O-ZrO₂-SiO₂ glasses (free of Ho³⁺ ions) have also exhibited broad emission band in the blue region. This band is attributed to radiative recombination of self-trapped excitons (STEs) localized on substitutionally positioned octahedral Ta⁵⁺ and Nb⁵⁺ ions in the glass network. The Judd-Ofelt theory was successfully applied to characterize Ho³⁺ spectra of all the three glasses. From this theory various radiative properties, like transition probability A, branching ratio β_r and the radiative lifetime τ_r, for ⁵S₂ emission levels in the spectra of these glasses have been evaluated. The radiative lifetime for ⁵S₂ level of Ho³⁺ ions has also been measured and quantum efficiencies were estimated. Among the three glasses studied the La₂O₃ mixed glass exhibited the highest quantum efficiency. The reasons for such higher value have been discussed based on the relationship between the structural modifications taking place around the Ho³⁺ ions.     

Structural and magnetic properties of self-assembled Sm-Co spherical aggregates

Self-assembled Sm-Co nanoparticles in the form of spherical aggregates (referred as nanospheres) with diameter ranging from 50 to 180 nm were achieved by means of polyol technique. The size distribution of the Sm-Co nanospheres can be regulated close to ∼100 nm by controlling the molar ratio of Sm:Co precursor. The spherical aggregates exhibited Sm₂Co₇ phase as a major constituent; while the aggregates obtained at higher Co concentration showed co-existence of Co-phase with Sm₂Co₇ phase. Upon annealing, the biphasic nature of nanospheres (Sm₂Co₇/Co) transformed into Sm₂Co₁₇ structure. By varying the Sm:Co precursor ratio from 1:5 to 1:9, the coercivity (H_c) and magnetization (M_s) values of the as-synthesized nanospheres can be tuned from 336 to 140 Oe and from 63.7 to 108 emu/g, respectively, and these values significantly improved after annealing. Maximum values of H_c (1050 Oe) at the Sm:Co molar ratio of 1:5 and M_s of 184.6 emu/g at the Sm:Co molar ratio of 1:9 were achieved in the annealed samples.     

Synthesis of novel dihydrooxazine and oxazoline based sugar hybrids from sugar azides

A convenient one-step method for the synthesis of novel dihydrooxazine and oxazoline based sugar hybrids is reported starting from the readily accessible sugar azides and aldehydes. We have used Aubé’s protocol to achieve this transformation. The resulting glycoconjugates could be used to increase the diversity on the sugar backbone and may find applications as potential glycomimetics and in drug discovery.     

EDTA-catalyzed synthesis of 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2-amine derivatives by a three-component coupling of one-pot condensation reactions in an aqueous medium

This paper describes a simple and efficient one-pot synthetic approach for the preparation of biologically interesting 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2-amine derivatives using EDTA-catalyzed three-component reactions of o-phenylenediamines, carbonyl compounds, and isocyanides in an aqueous medium. This method is of great value because of its environmentally benign character, high yields, and ease of handling.     

An efficient synthesis of varenicline

Synthesis of varenicline the antismoking drug has been achieved in six steps with 10% overall yield. A Diels-Alder reaction, oxidative cleavage of an olefin and reductive amination remain as key steps in the synthesis     

Deprotection of thioacetals and 1,3-dithianes with dimethylsulphoxide

The dialkylthioacetals, cyclic ethanediylthioacetals and 1,3-dithianes are shown to undergo facile dethioacetalization on heating in dimethylsulphoxide under neutral conditions to afford the corresponding carbonyl compounds in good yields.     

Growth and characteristics of reactive pulsed laser deposited molybdenum trioxide thin films

Molybdenum trioxide thin films were prepared by reactive pulsed laser deposition on Corning 7059 glass substrates. The influence of oxygen partial pressure and deposition temperature on the structure, surface morphology and optical properties of these films was studied to understand the growth mechanism of MoO₃ thin films. The films formed at 473 K in an oxygen partial pressure of 100 mTorr exhibited predominantly a (0k0) orientation, corresponding to an orthorhombic layered structure of α-MoO₃. The evaluated optical band gap of the films was 3.24 eV. The crystallite size increased with increase of deposition temperature. The films formed at an oxygen partial pressure of pO₂=100 mTorr and at a deposition temperature greater than 700 K exhibited both (0k0) and (0kl) orientations, representing α-β mixed phases of MoO₃. The films formed at an oxygen partial pressure less than 100 mTorr were found to be sub-stoichiometric with α-β mixed phases. The investigation revealed the growth of polycrystalline and single-phase orthorhombic-layered-structure α-MoO₃ thin films with composition nearly approaching the nominal stoichiometry at moderate substrate temperatures in an oxygen partial pressure of 100 mTorr. Received: 9 April 2001 / Accepted: 6 August 2001 / Published online: 17 October 2001     

Flow past an axisymmetric body embedded in a saturated porous mediumÉcoulement derrière un corps à symétrie axiale plongé dans un milieu poreux saturé

The problem of viscous fluid past an axisymmetric body embedded in a fluid saturated porous medium is studied using the Brinkman's extension. A general formula for the drag on the body is derived in the form of a limit of an expression involving the stream function characterizing the flow. The flow past an axisymmetric approximate sphere is also considered. The stream function in this case is obtained in terms of Bessel functions and Gegenbauer's functions. The drag acting on the body is evaluated by using the formula derived. Its variation is studied with respect to geometric and permeability parameters. The special cases of flow past a sphere and a spheroid are obtained from the present analysis. To cite this article: D. Srinivasa Charya, J.V. Ramana Murthy, C. R. Mecanique 330 (2002) 417–423.     

Turbulent flow inside the cylinder of a Diesel engine — an experimental investigation using hot wire anemometer

This paper describes the measurement of mean velocity and turbulence intensity using hot-wire anemometry inside the cylinder of a Diesel engine under motoring (non-firing) conditions. The effects of engine speed and compression ratio on mean velocity and turbulence intensity have been studied. In addition, turbulence scales have also been evaluated using auto-correlation function and power spectrum which are obtained from fluctuating velocity. The measurements were carried out at 4 different locations inside the piston cavity. Mean velocity and turbulence intensity are found to increase with speed. Increase in compression ratio has significantly increased the mean velocity at all crank angles. The main feature of this investigation is that the experiments have been conducted at higher compression ratios and a relatively high speed using a single high temperature straight wire probe.List of symbols A constant - B constant - D hot-wire diameter - F(f) normalized one-dimensional energy spectral density function - f frequency - i current through the hot-wire - k thermal conductivity of air at any temperature - k ₀ thermal conductivity of air at reference temperature - L hot-wire length - L _t macro or integral time scale of turbulence - L _x macro or integral length scale of turbulence - N number of cycles - Nu Nusselt number - n constant - R hot-wire resistance - Re Reynolds number - R () auto-correlation coefficient - T period of measurement and temperature - T ₀ reference temperature - T _g cylinder gas temperature - T _w hot-wire temperature - U instantaneous velocity - U mean velocity - u _I fluctuating velocity - u turbulence intensity - _t absolute viscosity of air at any temperature - ₀ absolute viscosity of air at reference temperature - engine crank angle - correlation time - _t micro-time scale of turbulence - _x micro-length scale of turbulence     

DBU-catalyzed transprotection of N-Fmoc-cysteine di- and tripeptides into S-Fm-cysteine di- and tripeptides

The transprotection of N-Fmoc-cysteine containing di- and tripeptides possessing a free SH group to produce the corresponding S-Fm-cysteine di- and tripeptides bearing a free amino group is accomplished efficiently with DBU in dry THF. The N-Fmoc to S-Fm transformation mechanism is discussed. S-Fm-Cysteine di- and tripeptides readily form amide bonds on coupling with N-(Pg-α-aminoacyl)benzotriazoles and N-(Pg-α-dipeptidoyl)benzotriazoles to give larger peptides.