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71.
Nuggehally R. Srinivas 《Biomedical chromatography : BMC》2009,23(5):451-454
Triple quad liquid chromatography mass spectrometric assays (LC/MS/MS) have revolutionized the analysis of drug(s)/metabolite(s) with exceptional speed, sensitivity and selectivity features. From inception to date, several new and innovative features have been regularly proposed by researchers to further enhance the value in the applicability of this analytical tool. However, owing to such compressed run times and scanty sample preparation procedures, LC/MS/MS assays that are not fully optimized generally have issues of matrix effects, where ionization potential is either suppressed or enhanced due to the presence of other materials (endogenous/exogenous) in the matrix. By definition, even co‐medications, isomeric or isobaric impurities, and drug excipients used in dosing solutions could also potentially contribute to matrix effects. This article captures some of the interesting work carried out by researchers to understand and handle matrix effects. Additionally, it provides perspectives to effectively deal with matrix effects. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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The rectangular dielectric waveguide is the most commonly used structure in integrated optics, especially in semi-conductor
diode lasers. Demands for new applications such as high-speed data backplanes in integrated electronics, waveguide filters,
optical multiplexers and optical switches are driving technology toward better materials and processing techniques for planar
waveguide structures. The infinite slab and circular waveguides that we know are not practical for use on a substrate because
the slab waveguide has no lateral confinement and the circular fiber is not compatible with the planar processing technology
being used to make planar structures. The rectangular waveguide is the natural structure. In this review, we have discussed
several analytical methods for analyzing the mode structure of rectangular structures, beginning with a wave analysis based
on the pioneering work of Marcatili. We study three basic techniques with examples to compare their performance levels. These
are the analytical approach developed by Marcatili, the perturbation techniques, which improve on the analytical solutions
and the effective index method with examples.
T Srinivas received the B.Sc. (Hon.) degree from Nehru Science College, Hydrabad and M.E. (Int.) and Ph.D. dgrees from the Indian Institute
of Science, Bangalore, India. He was a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at Toyohashi University of Technology, Japan from 1992
to 1996. He is currently an Associate Professor with the Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute
of Science. His areas of interests are optical communication networks, integrated optics, micro-opto-electrical-mechanical
systems (MOEMS) and fiberoptic sensors 相似文献
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Srinivas Angapelly P.V. Sri Ramya Routhu SunithaRani C. Ganesh Kumar Ahmed Kamal Mohammed Arifuddin 《Tetrahedron letters》2017,58(49):4632-4637
A simple and expedient multicomponent protocol was developed to synthesize 4-thiazolidinones by employing VOSO4 as a catalyst under ultrasonic irradiation. The significant features of this protocol includes shorter reaction time, high yields, low catalyst loading, and also the catalyst can be recovered and reused up to next four cycles without significant loss in catalytic activity. All the synthesized novel indazole compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities. Compounds 9n, 9o and 9q showed promising activity (MIC value of 3.9?µg/mL) against K. planticola (MTCC 530). They also exhibited significant bactericidal activity against K. planticola (MTCC 530) (MBC value of 15.6?µg/mL). Additionally, 9n, 9o and 9q inhibited biofilm formation (IC50 values ranging between 20.28–20.79?μg/mL) in this organism. 相似文献
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G. Raju V. Ramesh R. Srinivas G. V. M. Sharma B. Shoban Babu 《Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS》2010,45(6):651-663
Two new series of Boc‐N‐α,δ‐/δ,α‐ and β,δ‐/δ,β‐hybrid peptides containing repeats of L ‐Ala‐δ5‐Caa/δ5‐Caa‐L ‐Ala and β3‐Caa‐δ5‐Caa/δ5‐Caa‐β3‐Caa (L ‐Ala = L ‐alanine, Caa = C‐linked carbo amino acid derived from D ‐xylose) have been differentiated by both positive and negative ion electrospray ionization (ESI) ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). MSn spectra of protonated isomeric peptides produce characteristic fragmentation involving the peptide backbone, the Boc‐group, and the side chain. The dipeptide positional isomers are differentiated by the collision‐induced dissociation (CID) of the protonated peptides. The loss of 2‐methylprop‐1‐ene is more pronounced for Boc‐NH‐L ‐Ala‐δ‐Caa‐OCH3 (1), whereas it is totally absent for its positional isomer Boc‐NH‐δ‐Caa‐L ‐Ala‐OCH3 (7), instead it shows significant loss of t‐butanol. On the other hand, second isomeric pair shows significant loss of t‐butanol and loss of acetone for Boc‐NH‐δ‐Caa‐β‐Caa‐OCH3 (18), whereas these are insignificant for its positional isomer Boc‐NH‐β‐Caa‐δ‐Caa‐OCH3 (13). The tetra‐ and hexapeptide positional isomers also show significant differences in MS2 and MS3 CID spectra. It is observed that ‘b’ ions are abundant when oxazolone structures are formed through five‐membered cyclic transition state and cyclization process for larger ‘b’ ions led to its insignificant abundance. However, b1+ ion is formed in case of δ,α‐dipeptide that may have a six‐membered substituted piperidone ion structure. Furthermore, ESI negative ion MS/MS has also been found to be useful for differentiating these isomeric peptide acids. Thus, the results of MS/MS of pairs of di‐, tetra‐, and hexapeptide positional isomers provide peptide sequencing information and distinguish the positional isomers. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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