Permanence of general stage-structured consumer–resource models

Much of the existing stage-structured consumer–resource models ignore the permanence. In this paper, we consider the permanence for a series of staged-structured consumer–resource models with the function response of so-called “prey-dependence”(resource-dependence) type. We show that the systems are permanent, if and only if the adult consumer's recruitment rate at the peak of resource abundance is more than its death rate. Our results indicate that the large consumer's maturation time delay will directly lead to its extinction. Furthermore, our arguments for the main results give a light for permanence in the general stage-structured consumer–resource systems.     

Insights into the surface property and blood compatibility of polyethersulfone/polyvinylpyrrolidone composite membranes: toward high‐performance hemodialyzer

Applications of blood purification membranes are fuelled by diverse clinical needs, such as hemodialysis, hemodiafiltration, hemofiltration, plasmapheresis, and plasma collection. For clinical usage, the adding of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is the general protocol for the design of antifouling and antithrombotic properties integrated artificial membranes. In the present work, to insight into the detailed surface properties and blood compatibilities of the PVP blended composite membranes, we synthesized a series of PVP polymers with different molecular weights using reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and designed a series of polyethersulfone (PES)/PVP composite membranes by a physically blending method. The effects of PVP molecular weights and blending ratios on the surface properties and the blood compatibilities of the composite membranes were investigated in detail. The surface attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectra and scanning electron microscopy pictures indicated that the PVP was successfully immobilized into the membranes, and the composite membranes exhibited morphology transformation from finger‐like structure to sponge‐like structure, which indicated that the composite membrane had tunable porosity and permeability by adding PVP. The blood compatible tests revealed that the composite membranes showed increased hydrophilicity, decreased plasma protein adsorption, suppressed platelet adhesion, and prolonged blood clotting time compared with pristine PES membrane. These results indicated that the PES/PVP composite membranes exhibited enhanced antifouling and antithrombotic properties than the pristine PES membrane. Meanwhile, the results also suggested that the composite membranes with larger molecular weight PVP and higher blending ratios might show better blood compatibility. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Off‐line comprehensive two‐dimensional reversed‐phase countercurrent chromatography with high‐performance liquid chromatography: Orthogonality in separation of Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc

Off‐line comprehensive two‐dimensional reversed‐phase countercurrent chromatography with high‐performance liquid chromatography was investigated in separation of crude ethanol extract from traditional Chinese medicinal herb Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. Two‐dimensional contour plots for countercurrent chromatography with high‐performance liquid chromatography was obtained after comprehensive separation was completed. Total peak capacity was evaluated and approximately 810 peaks were obtained through a comprehensive two‐dimensional separation. A highly orthogonality of 52.23% and a large separation space occupancy of 88.86% were achieved. Meanwhile, it was found that several components could be well separated by countercurrent chromatography while they could not be separated by high‐performance liquid chromatography, and vice versa, which further indicated the orthogonality of the two separation methods. The off‐line comprehensive two‐dimensional countercurrent chromatography with high‐performance liquid chromatography provided a promising and powerful method for separation of complex natural products.     

手性β-氨基醇的简捷合成及其不对称催化反应

从易得原料D-苯甘氨酸出发,经酯化、N-烷基化及还原等三步反应合成了五个手性β-氨基醇5和6.以此为手性配体,对催化芳香醛的不对称烯丙基化反应进行了初步研究,显示了中等程度的立体选择性.     

Enantioseparation of phenylsuccinic acid by high speed counter-current chromatography using hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin as chiral selector

High speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) was successfully applied to resolution of phenylsuccinic acid (PSA) with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) as chiral selector (CS). The two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane–methyl tert-butyl ether–0.1 mol L⁻¹ phosphate buffer solution with pH = 2.51 (0.5:1.5:2, v/v/v) was selected. Influence factors involved in the chiral separation were investigated, including the concentration of chiral selector, pH value of the aqueous phase, the separation temperature, and the thermodynamic parameters of inclusion complex were calculated. The complex formation constants were determined using analytical instrument. Two HSCCC elution modes were studied and peak resolution equation was discussed. Under optimum separation conditions, 712 mg of PSA racemate was separated using preparative apparatus. The purities of both of the fractions including (+)-PSA and (−)-PSA from the preparative CCC separation were over 98.5% determined by HPLC and enantiomeric excess of (+)-PSA and (−)-PSA reached 97.6% and 98.6%, respectively. Recovery for the target compounds from the CCC fractions reached 80–82% yielding 285 mg of (+)-PSA and 292 mg of (−)-PSA.     

Enantiomeric separation of (R, S)-naproxen by recycling high speed counter-current chromatography with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin as chiral selector

Recycling high speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) was successfully applied to resolution of (R, S)-naproxen (NAP) using hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) as chiral selector. The two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-0.1 mol L(-1) phosphate buffer solution with pH=2.67 (8:2:10, v/v/v) was selected. Influence factors for the chiral separation process were investigated, including concentration of HP-β-CD, equilibrium temperature and pH of aqueous phase. Suitable elution mode was selected for HSCCC enantioseparation of (R, S)-NAP. Under optimum separation conditions, 29 mg of (R, S)-NAP was separated using preparative recycling HSCCC with the molar ratio HP-β-CD/NAP racemate 83:1. Technical details for recycling elution mode were discussed as for chiral HSCCC separation. The purities of both (S)-NAP and (R)-NAP were over 99.5% as determined by HPLC. Enantiomeric excess of (S)-NAP and (R)-NAP reached 99.4%. Recovery for NAP enantiomers from HSCCC fractions was 82-89%, yielding 13 mg of (S)-NAP and 12 mg of (R)-NAP.     

Effect of crystallinity of ZnO buffer layer on the properties of epitaxial (ZnO:Al)/(ZnO:Ga) bi-layer films deposited on c-sapphire substrate

Bi-layer ZnO films with 2 wt.% Al (AZO; ZnO:Al) and 4 wt.% Ga-doped (GZO; ZnO:Ga) were deposited on the ZnO buffered and annealed ZnO buffered c(0 0 0 1)-sapphire(Al₂O₃) substrates respectively by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD). The effect of crystallinity of ZnO buffer layer on the crystallinity and electrical properties of the AZO/GZO bi-layer thin films was investigated. It was seen that the crystallinity of ZnO buffer layer had a great influence on the orientation and defect density of AZO/GZO bi-layer thin films from X-ray Diffraction (XRD) peaks and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) images. In a word, it was found in the films that more preferred c-axis orientation texture and reduction of the defects such as stacking faults and dislocations, with increasing of the crystallinity of ZnO buffer layer.     

基于UNet深度学习算法的东海大型漂浮藻类遥感监测

基于语义分割神经网络UNet,利用GOCI(Geostationary Ocean Color Imager)卫星传感器数据,构建出能够有效提取大型漂浮藻类的深度学习模型,实现了对大型漂浮藻类信息端到端、像素到像素的分割识别。验证结果表明:所提出的深度学习模型对验证集中大型漂浮藻类的平均识别精度达到88.54%;通过与传统的归一化植被指数法和替代型漂浮藻类指数法进行对比,发现基于UNet构建的大型漂浮藻类监测模型具有更高的准确率且受云的影响较小。利用UNet大型漂浮藻类提取模型的识别结果对2017年东海藻类暴发过程进行了分析,模型显示出很好的实用性。     

Numerical study on dynamic characteristics of double droplets impacting a super-hydrophobic tube with different impact velocities

ABSTRACT

The coupled level set and volume of fluid method is applied to the numerical study on the successive impact of double droplets on a super-hydrophobic tube. The impact velocity varies from 0.25 to 2?m/s. These impact processes present spread, retract, rebound, breakup and splash. The out-of-phase impact takes place with the impact velocity from 0.25 to 1.25?m/s, while the in-phase impact takes place with the impact velocity from 1.44 to 2?m/s. With the impact velocity larger than 1.25?m/s, the liquid crown presents and deforms after the trailing droplet impact, then it would gather at the film edge, rebound or break up. When impact velocities range from 1.44 to 1.5?m/s, the finger liquid film presents before the liquid crown appearing. The finger head breaks with the impact velocity of 1.5?m/s during the leading droplet spreading. The zigzag liquid film becomes more obvious for larger velocities.     

Bifurcation of travelling wave solutions for the generalized ZK-BBM equations

By using the bifurcation theory of planar dynamical systems to the generalized ZK-BBM equations, the existence of smooth and non-smooth travelling wave solutions is proved. Under different regions of parametric spaces, various sufficient conditions to guarantee the existence of above solutions are given. Some exact explicit parametric representations of the above waves are determined.