全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2697篇 |
免费 | 171篇 |
国内免费 | 62篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 2092篇 |
晶体学 | 11篇 |
力学 | 132篇 |
数学 | 290篇 |
物理学 | 405篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 11篇 |
2022年 | 43篇 |
2021年 | 106篇 |
2020年 | 167篇 |
2019年 | 140篇 |
2018年 | 192篇 |
2017年 | 135篇 |
2016年 | 226篇 |
2015年 | 149篇 |
2014年 | 214篇 |
2013年 | 339篇 |
2012年 | 227篇 |
2011年 | 204篇 |
2010年 | 172篇 |
2009年 | 139篇 |
2008年 | 138篇 |
2007年 | 90篇 |
2006年 | 53篇 |
2005年 | 31篇 |
2004年 | 30篇 |
2003年 | 29篇 |
2002年 | 19篇 |
2001年 | 10篇 |
2000年 | 9篇 |
1999年 | 3篇 |
1998年 | 2篇 |
1997年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1993年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 4篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有2930条查询结果,搜索用时 78 毫秒
91.
Kioumars Aghapoor Hossein Reza Darabi Kourosh Tabar-Heydar 《Phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon and the related elements》2013,188(5):1183-1187
On the benzyl system, bearing various functional groups, have been carried out the Willgerodt-Kindler reaction to obtain thiobenzmorpholide ( 1 ). The reactions, under solvent-free conditions, were performed in both classical (reflux, room temperature) and nonclassical (microwave) conditions to attempt our elucidation of the reactions pathways. Unlike benzylamine and benzyl mercaptan, benzyl halides give poor result due to the type of amine. The experimental results suggest that the proposed reaction pathway involves the oxidation coupling of benzylic substrates, followed by a thiolation step and an attack of the amine on the thiolated product to give ( 1 ). 相似文献
92.
We have designed and proposed the edge modes supported by graphene ribbons and the planar band-pass filter consisting of graphene ribbons coupled to a graphene ring resonator by using the finite-difference time-domain numerical method.Simulation results show that the edge modes improve the electromagnetic coupling between devices. This structure works as a novel, tunable mid-infrared band-pass filter. Our studies will benefit the fabrication of planar, ultra-compact nano-scale devices in the mid-infrared region. A power splitter consisting of two output ribbons that is useful in photonic integrated devices and circuits is also designed and simulated. These devices are useful for designing ultra-compact planar devices in photonic integrated circuits. 相似文献
93.
94.
95.
Synthesis and characterization of a Ni nanoparticle stabilized on Ionic liquid‐functionalized magnetic Silica nanoparticles for tandem oxidative reaction of primary alcohols 下载免费PDF全文
Rahim Hosseinzadeh‐Khanmiri Yaser Kamel Zahra Keshvari Ahmad Mobaraki Gholam Hossein Shahverdizadeh Esmail Vessally Mirzaagha Babazadeh 《应用有机金属化学》2018,32(9)
In this research, preparation of the magnetic nanoparticle, coating by a silica shell using (3‐aminopropyl) triethoxysilane and synthesis of a novel sulfonic acid‐substituted imidazolium‐based ionic liquid onto the surface of these particles via a multi‐component reaction, is described. The functionalized nanoparticles was loaded by Ni nanoparticles and characterized by means of techniques such as XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDX, TEM, TGA and ICP‐OES. The nanostructures have spherical shapes that ranged in size from 80 to 100 nm. The catalytic activity of these nanoparticles was tested in aerobic oxidation of primary alcohols that showed good performance in the wide range of primary alcohols in water at mild reaction conditions. As a second step of this work, the tandem oxidative synthesis of alkylacrylonitriles and bisindolylmethanes were investigated using primary alcohols under oxidation conditions. This catalyst system can be recovered using external magnet and reused for five consecutive cycles without significantly less of its activity. 相似文献
96.
Benvidi Ali Tezerjani Marzieh Dehghan Moshtaghiun Seyed Mohammad Mazloum-Ardakani Mohammad 《Mikrochimica acta》2016,183(5):1797-1804
Microchimica Acta - The authors describe an aptasensor for tetracycline (TET) based on the use of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with graphene oxide nanosheets. The latter were placed on... 相似文献
97.
98.
Arefeh Dadras M. Reza Naimi‐Jamal Firouz Matloubi Moghaddam Seyed Ebrahim Ayati 《应用有机金属化学》2018,32(2)
Aryl halides and especially inactive aryl chlorides were coupled to benzenoid aromatic rings in a Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction in the absence of organic solvents and toxic phosphine ligands. The reaction was catalysed by a recoverable magnetic nanocatalyst, Pd@Fe3O4, in aqueous media. This method is green, and the catalyst is easily removed from the reaction media using an external magnetic field and can be re‐used at least 10 times without any considerable loss in its activity. The catalyst was characterized using scanning and transmission electron microscopies, thermogravimetric analysis, inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, CHN analysis, X‐ray diffraction and vibrating sample magnetometry. 相似文献
99.
A new characteristic approach for incompressible thermo‐flow in Cartesian and non‐Cartesian grids 下载免费PDF全文
A virtual‐characteristic approach is developed for thermo‐flow with finite‐volume methodology in which a multidimensional characteristic (MC) scheme is applied along with artificial compressibility. To obtain compatibility equations and pseudo‐characteristics, energy equation is taken into account in the MC scheme. With this inherent upwinding of convective fluxes, no artificial viscosity is required even at high Reynolds numbers. Another remarkable advantage of the MC scheme lies in its faster convergence rate with respect to the averaging scheme that is found to exhibit substantial delays in convergence. As benchmarks, forced and mixed convections in a cavity and in flow over cylinder and between parallel plates are examined for a wide range of Reynolds, Grashof, and Prandtl numbers. The MC and averaging schemes are applied for simulation purposes. Results show the better performance of the MC scheme in forced and mixed convections. Results confirm the robustness of the MC scheme in terms of accuracy and convergence. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
100.
Leila Irannejad Seyed Javad Ahmadi Sodeh Sadjadi Mojtaba Shamsipur 《Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society》2018,15(1):111-119
Metal-free electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are key to the development of efficient, durable, and low-cost alternatives to noble-metal-based electrocatalysts in fuel cell cathodes. In recent years, many efforts are directed to the metal-free catalyst based on heteroatom-doped graphene. In this work, we demonstrate that the graphene surface can be converted into the catalyst for the oxygen reduction by chemical functionalization. In this context, we first synthesized malononitrile-functionalized graphene oxide. Amidoximation of nitrile group and reduction in graphene oxide were then carried out by hydroxylamine in one step. The electrochemical behavior of functionalized graphene-modified electrode for the reduction in oxygen was studied. The results showed that the electrocatalyst fabricated by this method exhibited striking catalytic activities in alkaline solution. In alkaline solution, this catalyst showed a competitive activity to the commercial Pt catalyst via four-electron transfer pathway with better ORR selectivity and stability. In addition, this metal-free electrocatalyst exhibited tolerance to methanol crossover effect. Based on its outstanding performance, this functionalized graphene electrocatalyst showed the promising prospect of a metal-free catalyst for fuel cell with much lower cost than currently used Pt/C catalyst. 相似文献