Magnetic-fluorescent nanocomposites for biomedical multitasking

Fluorescent magnetite nanocomposites based on magnetic nanoparticles, a polyhedral octaaminopropylsilsesquioxane and a porphyrin derivative have been prepared. The intracellular uptake of the nanocomposites by macrophage and bone osteoblast cells, and their potential as MRI contrast agents, has been demonstrated.     

Ethane-bridged zinc porphyrin dimers in Langmuir-Shäfer thin films: structural and spectroscopic properties

This work reports on the structural and spectroscopic properties of ethane-bridged Zn porphyrin dimers (1) in Langmuir-Sch?fer (LS) thin films by combining scanning force microscopy (SFM) with film balance, UV-vis absorption, fluorescence, and nanosecond laser flash photolysis measurements. Results show that depending on the surface pressure the Langmuir films of pure 1 can be arranged in two different condensed phases, whereas SFM of the LS films shows characteristic fractal networks constituted by nanoscopic aggregates. The spectral findings agree with a picture in which 1 is apparently present in the anti conformation but aggregated in a sort of H-type structure whose optical features resemble those of the syn conformer. This type of structure is not responsive to light stimuli. By diluting 1 in arachidic acid the porphyrin aggregation is significantly minimized with 1 exhibiting almost exclusively the anti conformation. As a result the LS films become photoresponsive, showing fluorescence emission and triplet-triplet transient absorption.     

SSRL Workshop on STXM and X-ray Nanoprobe Capabilities and Needs in the Environmental,Geological, and Biomedical Sciences

Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) has emerged as an important technique for chemical imaging and spectromicroscopy on the <100nm spatial scale in the environmental, geological, and biomedical sciences. Much has transpired technologically and scientifically in the 20-plus year interval that zone-plate STXM technology has been in development. Yet STXM/nanoprobe facilities are few in number, beam time remains exceedingly tight, and numerous scientific, technical, and infrastructure challenges continue to present significant barriers to the widespread use of these techniques in these three areas of science.     

A Characterization of Nilpotent Injectors in Finite Groups

In this article a class of subgroups of a finite group G, called Q-injectors, is introduced. If G is soluble, the Q-injectors are precisely the injectors of the Fitting sets. A characterization of nilpotent Q-injectors is given as well as a sufficient condition for the solubility of a finite group G, in terms of Q-injectors, which generalizes a well known result.     

Electrosprayed Shrimp and Mushroom Nanochitins on Cellulose Tissue for Skin Contact Application

Cosmetics has recently focused on biobased skin-compatible materials. Materials from natural sources can be used to produce more sustainable skin contact products with enhanced bioactivity. Surface functionalization using natural-based nano/microparticles is thus a subject of study, aimed at better understanding the skin compatibility of many biopolymers also deriving from biowaste. This research investigated electrospray as a method for surface modification of cellulose tissues with chitin nanofibrils (CNs) using two different sources—namely, vegetable (i.e., from fungi), and animal (from crustaceans)—and different solvent systems to obtain a biobased and skin-compatible product. The surface of cellulose tissues was uniformly decorated with electrosprayed CNs. Biological analysis revealed that all treated samples were suitable for skin applications since human dermal keratinocytes (i.e., HaCaT cells) successfully adhered to the processed tissues and were viable after being in contact with released substances in culture media. These results indicate that the use of solvents did not affect the final cytocompatibility due to their effective evaporation during the electrospray process. Such treatments did not also affect the characteristics of cellulose; in addition, they showed promising anti-inflammatory and indirect antimicrobial activity toward dermal keratinocytes in vitro. Specifically, cellulosic substrates decorated with nanochitins from shrimp showed strong immunomodulatory activity by first upregulating then downregulating the pro-inflammatory cytokines, whereas nanochitins from mushrooms displayed an overall anti-inflammatory activity via a slight decrement of the pro-inflammatory cytokines and increment of the anti-inflammatory marker. Electrospray could represent a green method for surface modification of sustainable and biofunctional skincare products.     

One-pot synthesis of orthogonally protected sugars through sequential base-promoted/acid-catalyzed steps: A solvent-free approach with self-generation of a catalytic species

A varied set of solvent-free, one-pot synthetic sequences were developed to carry out the orthogonal protection of saccharide polyols. These sequences are composed of an initial regioselective benzylation, silylation or iodination (under mildly basic conditions), followed by an acid catalyzed protection of two further hydroxyl sites via the generation of a cyclic acetal. These processes allow recycling of the ammonium or pyridinium side products generated in the former step as effective catalytic species for the latter step.     

In-situ formation and detailed analysis of imine bonds for the construction of conjugated aromatic monolayers on Au(111)

We present the synthesis of 4′-amino-4-mercaptobiphenyl (AMB) and its deposition from solution onto Au(111) substrates. The resulting organic thin films were characterized by contact angle, infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) measurements. It is demonstrated that the majority of AMB molecules are coupled to the gold surface via S–Au covalent bonds, although only little orientational order of the AMB layer could be detected by NEXAFS. Furthermore, aromatic imine bonds between AMB and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (HB), 4-carboxybenzaldehyde (CB), 4-methylbenzaldehyde (MB), or 4-(trifluoromethyl) benzaldehyde (TMB) have been successfully formed. As a result of the limited order, this coupling reaction was incomplete. Nevertheless, the experimental results confirmed the formation of conjugated aromatic imine bonds.     

Adsorption of carboxymethylester-azobenzene on copper and?gold?single crystal surfaces

The adsorption of 3,3′-di(methoxycarbonyl)azobenzene (CMA) on Au(111) and on Cu(001) substrates was studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements at the C, N, and O K edges. We find the molecules physisorbed in a planar conformation flat on the Au(111) surface. At higher coverages, a molecular crystal is formed wherein the molecules have the same flat geometry. On Cu(001), additional chemical bonds are formed between the molecules and the surface via the nitrogen atoms. Here the methyl benzoate moieties are tilted out of the surface plane.