The evaluation of cardiac function and the effect of therapy in acute myocardial infarction--comparison by radio nuclide method in acute and chronic phase

The cardiac function and the effect of therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were assessed in over 100 patients by analysis of 201Tl-scintigraphy and 99mTc-gated pool study in our ICU. The cardiac function and 201Tl-defect ratio were compared with the results obtained in chronic phase. Sixteen of them were treated with intravenous urokinase (UK) within 6 hours from onset. The other 18 patients without UK treatment served as a control group. Significant correlation was recognized between 201Tl-defect ratio and peak-CPK levels, peak-GOT levels, peak-LDH levels. Significant correlation (r = -0.655, r = -0.713) were found between 201Tl-defect ratio and LVEF in acute and chronic phase. The UK group showed a significant increase of LVEF as compared with the control group in patients with antero-septal (A/S) AMI. In inferior (INF) AMI, no significant differences were observed UK and control group in LVEF, RVEF and 201Tl-defect ratio. In chronic phase, improvements of LVEF and 201Tl-defect ratio were observed in patients with A/S AMI. But no significant differences of LVEF, RVEF and 201Tl-defect ratio were observed in A/S AMI in acute and chronic phase. The UK group showed a significant increase of LVEF (50.1%) as compared with the control group of A/S AMI in chronic phase. We have demonstrated that a combination of 201Tl-scintigraphy and 99mTc-gated pool study are useful techniques in ICU, to evaluate the cardiac function and the effect of thrombolysis therapy and thus greatly contribute to the primary care of AMI cases.     

Thermodynamics of partitioning of phenothiazine drugs between phosphatidylcholine bilayer vesicles and water studied by second-derivative spectrophotometry

The partition coefficients (Kps) of phenothiazine drugs (trifluoperazine, triflupromazine, chlorpromazine and promazine) between phosphatidylcholine (PC) small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) and water were determined over the temperature range of 10-40 degrees C by a second-derivative spectrophotometric method. The second derivative spectra of each drug solution containing various amounts of SUV showed distinct derivative isosbestic points confirming the entire elimination of the residual background signal effects of the SUV. The Kp values were calculated from the derivative intensity change of the drugs induced by the addition of SUV to the drug buffer solutions (pH 7.4) and obtained with the R.S.D. below 10% (n=3). The van't Hoff analysis of the temperature dependence of Kp values revealed negative deltaH(w-->l) and positive deltaS(w-->l), suggesting an enthalpy/entropy driven mechanism for the phenothiazine partitioning. The negative deltaH(w-->l) implies that the electrostatic interaction, positively charged alkyl amino groups of phenothiazine drugs with negatively charged phosphate groups on the surface of PC SUV, partly contributes to the partitioning. The existence of halogen atom(s) on the phenothiazine ring at position C-2 enhanced the Kp value (Hl) value (Hl) increase is considered to be enhancement of disorder in the hydrophobic acyl chain regions of PC SUV membranes derived from the phenothiazine ring insertion and thus depends on the bulkiness of the substituent. The enthalpy-entropy correlation analysis yielding a good linear relationship also suggests that the phenothiazine drugs studied have identically an enthalpy-entropy compensation mechanism for the partitioning.     

Ionization state and ion migration mechanism of room temperature molten dialkylimidazolium fluorohydrogenates

The ionization state of room temperature molten salts, alkylimidazolium fluorohydrogenates (RMIm(HF)(2.3)F: R = alkyl group, M =methyl group), was evaluated from the observed diffusion coefficient and viscosity, using the Stokes-Einstein relation. Assuming that the dissociation degree of the salt is acceptable for representation of the ionic state of the molten salts, the larger the cation size with elongation of the alkyl chain was, the higher the dissociation degree of the salt. Further, we proposed that an idea of the "degree of ordering of cations and anions" was more suitable to represent the ionization state without solvent species. On the basis of this idea, the smaller the cation size of RMIm(HF)(2.3)F salt was, the higher the ordering of the ion, indicating formation of domain particles of aggregated ions as a unit of mobile species such as A(AX)m+ and X(AX)n- for A+ X- salt. It was found that highly ordered particles, with large numbers for m and n, showed a high diffusion coefficient.     

Determination of Th and U in bone ash by ICP-ion source mass spectrometry

The feasibility of ICP-ion source mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for the determination of²³²Th and²³⁸U in bone ash was studied. Bone ash samples were further decomposed with concentrated nitric acid under pressure in PTF crucibles. The resultant solution was diluted and subjected directly to the measurement with an ICP mass spectrometer. The effects of diluting and removing matrix elements on ICP-MS measurements of these nuclides were studied. The accuracy of the determinations was evaluated with the measurement of NBS Human Lung (SRM 4351) which was originally certified for alpha activities of²³²Th and²³⁸U.     

Oxovanadium complex-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of propargylic alcohols

A catalytic system consisting of vanadium oxyacetylacetonate [VO(acac)(2)] and 3 A molecular sieves (MS3A) in acetonitrile works effectively for the aerobic oxidation of propargylic alcohols [R(1)CH(OH)Ctbd1;CR(2)] to the corresponding carbonyl compounds under an atmospheric pressure of molecular oxygen. Although the reactivity of alpha-acetylenic alkanols (R(1) = alkyl) is lower compared to that of the alcohols of R(1) = aryl, alkenyl, and alkynyl, the use of VO(hfac)(2) as a catalyst and the addition of hexafluoroacetylacetone improve the product yield in these cases. A catalytic cycle involving a vanadium(V) alcoholate species and beta-hydrogen elimination from it has been proposed for this oxidation.     

Molecular-dynamics studies of surface of ice Ih

We performed molecular dynamics calculations of surface of ice Ih in order to investigate formation mechanism of melting layer on the surface. The results showed that the vibrational amplitude of the atoms in the surface layer greatly depends on the crystal orientation, whereas that in the ice bulk is isotropic. The anisotropy of the vibration is due to a dangling motion of the free O-H bonds exist at the surface layer. The dangling motion enhances the rotational motion of the water molecules. The vibrational density of state showed a coupling between the rotational vibration and the lattice vibration of the water molecules in the surface layer. The coupling of the vibrations causes a distortion of ice lattice. Through the hydrogen-bonding network, the distortion transmits to the interior of the crystal. We conclude that the dangling motion of the free O-H bonds exist at the surface layer is one of the dominant factors governing the surface melting of ice crystal.     

Paddlewheel dirhodium complexes bridged by para‐substituted benzoates

The dirhodium complex bis­(benzonitrile)tetra­kis[μ‐4‐(diethyl­amino)benzoato‐κ²O:O′]dirhodium(II)(Rh—Rh) benzonitrile disolvate, [Rh₂(C₁₁H₁₄NO₂)₄(C₇H₅N)₂]·2C₇H₅N, lies about an inversion centre. The dirhodium complex (methanol)tetra­kis(μ‐4‐nitro­benzoato‐κ²O:O′)(pyridine)dirhodium(II)(Rh—Rh) dichloro­methane solvate, [Rh₂(C₇H₄NO₄)₄(C₅H₅N)(CH₄O)]·CH₂Cl₂, lies in a general position in the unit cell, but the complexes dimerize around an inversion centre via O—H⋯O hydrogen bonding of the axial MeOH to a carboxyl­ate O atom. In the latter crystal structure, π–π stacking inter­actions between the bridging 4‐nitro­benzoate ligands and the axial pyridine ligand are observed between adjacent mol­ecules.     

The effect of the anion fraction on the physicochemical properties of EMIm(HF)nF (n = 1.0-2.6)

A series of molten salts EMIm(HF)nF's with different n values has been synthesized by the reaction of EMImHF(2) and anhydrous hydrogen fluoride. The salts contain EMIm cation and some oligomeric fluorohydrogenate anions, (HF)nF-, of which the fraction changes with the change of n. A phase diagram of EMIm(HF)nF's (n = 1.0-2.6) has been constructed which suggests the presence of the stoichiometric compounds, EMIm(HF)1.5F and EMIm(HF)2F, in this range. Compared to the EMIm(HF)2.3F previously reported, EMIm(HF)nF's (n = 1.8-2.0) possess wider liquid temperature ranges because of their similar melting points and superior thermal stabilities at elevated temperatures. The electrochemical windows of EMIm(HF)nF's (n = 1.0-2.6) falls in the range of 2.9-3.4 V. The conductivity of EMIm(HF)nF's (n = 1.0-2.6) increases with the increase of n.