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141.
Shah Rahim Alam Naveed A. Razzaq Amir Cheng YANG Yujie CHEN Jiapeng HU Xiaohui ZHAO Yang PENG Zhao DENG 《物理化学学报》2019,35(12):1382-1390
As an important component in electrodes, the choice of an appropriate binder is significant when fabricating lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with good cycle stability and rate capability, which are used in numerous applications, especially portable electronics and eco-friendly electric vehicles (EVs). Semi-crystalline poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), which is a traditional and widely used binder, cannot efficiently accommodate the volume changes observed in the anode during the charge-discharge process while binding all the components in the electrode together, which results in increased internal cell resistance, detachment of the electrode components, and capacity fading. Herein, we have investigated a highly polar and elastomeric polyacrylonitrile-butadiene (NBR) rubber for use as a binder in LIBs, which can accommodate graphite particles of different shapes compared to semi-crystalline PVDF. Prior to our electrochemical tests, NBR was analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), showing good thermal stability and an amorphous morphology. NBR is more conformable to irregular surfaces, which results in the formation of a homogeneous passivation layer on both spherical and flaky graphite particles to effectively suppress any electrolyte side reactions, further allowing more uniform and fast Li ion diffusion at the electrolyte/electrolyte interface. As a result, the electrochemical performance of both spherical and flaky shape graphite electrodes was significantly improved in terms of their first cycle Coulombic efficiency (CE) and cycle stability. With comparative specific capacity, the first cycle CE of the NBR-based spherical and flaky graphite electrodes were 87.0% and 85.5%, compared to 85.3% and 82.6% observed for their corresponding PVDF-based electrodes, respectively. After 1000 discharge-charge cycles at 1C, the capacity retention of the NBR-based graphite electrodes was significantly higher than that of PVDF-based electrodes. This was attributed to the good stability of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed on the graphite electrodes and the high stretching ability of the elastomeric NBR binder, which help to accommodate the repeated volume fluctuation of graphite observed during long-term charge-discharge cycling. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and microscopic analysis (SEM and TEM) were carried out to investigate the formation and evolution of the SEI layers formed on the spherical and flaky graphite electrodes. The results show that thin, homogeneous, and stable SEI layers are formed on the surface of both spherical and flaky graphite electrodes prepared using the NBR binder. When compared to the PVDF-based graphite electrodes, the graphite electrodes constructed using NBR showed decreased resistance in the SEI layer and faster charge transfer, thus enhancing the electrode kinetics for Li ion intercalation/deintercalation. Our study shows that the electrochemical performance of spherical and flaky graphite electrodes prepared using the NBR binder is significantly improved, demonstrating that NBR is a promising binder for these electrodes in LIBs. 相似文献
142.
Krushelnitsky A Kurbanov R Reichert D Hempel G Schneider H Fedotov V 《Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance》2002,22(4):423-438
Solid-state spin–lattice relaxation in the rotating frame permits the investigation of dynamic processes with correlation times in the range of microseconds. The relaxation process in organic solids is driven by the fluctuation of the local magnetic field due to the dipole–dipole interaction of the probe nuclei (13C,15N) with 1H in close proximity. However, its effect is often hidden by a competing relaxation process due to the contact between the rotating frame 13C/15N Zeeman and 1H dipolar reservoirs. In most cases the latter process becomes superior for the commonly applied low and moderate spin-lock fields and practically does not provide information about the molecular dynamics. To suppress this undesired process and to expand the dynamic range of T1 ρ experiments, we present two approaches. The first one uses a resonance offset of the frequency of the spin-lock irradiation, which leads to a significant enhancement of the effective spin-lock frequency without the application of destructive high transmitter powers. We derive the theory and demonstrate the applicability of the method on various model compounds. The second approach utilizes heteronuclear 1H decoupling during the 13C/15N spin-lock irradiation which disrupts the contact between the 13C/15N Zeeman and 1H dipolar reservoirs. We demonstrate the method and discuss the results qualitatively. 相似文献
143.
We report on the first direct observation of a transition from a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid to a Fermi-liquid behavior in potassium-intercalated mats of single-wall carbon nanotubes. Using high resolution photoemission spectroscopy, an analysis of the spectral shape near the Fermi level reveals a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid power law scaling in the density of states for the pristine sample and for low dopant concentration. As soon as the doping is high enough to achieve a filling of the conduction bands of the semiconducting tubes, a distinct transition to metallic single-wall carbon nanotube bundles with the scaling behavior of a normal Fermi liquid occurs. 相似文献
144.
Shehzad S. A. Mushtaq T. Abbas Z. Rauf A. 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2021,143(1):445-454
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - An incompressible magnetized flow of micropolar fluid is confined between two disks. The lower disk is stationary, while the upper disk moves in upward... 相似文献
145.
Muhammad Rafique Abdul Jabbar Abdul Razzaq Khan Saeed Ur Rahman Muhammad Basharat Azhar Mehmood Matiullah 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2013,298(3):2049-2056
In this article, we present results obtained from a radiometric survey that was conducted in the Leepa Valley of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan. The purpose of current study is to appraise the radioactivity levels and the associated health hazards due to the terrestrial radionuclide in soil and rock samples. In this regard, 16 soil and 17 rock samples were collected from different locations of the Leepa Valley. After processing the samples, activity concentrations of primordial (232Th, 226Ra and 40K) and anthropogenic (137Cs) radionuclides were determined using a P-type coaxial high purity germanium detector. From the results obtained the mean activity concentrations of radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the soil samples were found to be 31.25 ± 0.46, 44.1 ± 1.07 and 575 ± 8.89 Bq kg?1 respectively. Whilst, in rock samples 226Ra, 232Th and 40K mean activities were found as 28.46 ± 0.45, 48.63 ± 1.12 and 666.7 ± 9.39 Bq kg?1, respectively. The 137Cs concentration level in soil and rock samples is found to be 15.04 ± 0.29 and 5.7 ± 0.16 Bq kg?1, respectively. The average radium equivalent activity (R aeq) was found as 143.16 and 142.93 Bq kg?1 in soil and rock samples, respectively. These findings are less than the recommended safe value of 370 Bq kg?1 as given in OECD report (1979). The values of external (H ex) and internal hazard index (H in) are also less than unity. Mean value of absorbed dose rate was found as 69.78 nGy h?1 for the soil samples, which is in good agreement with the world wide average value (70 nGy h?1). Mean value of absorbed dose rate from rock samples was found as 70.01 nGy h?1. Mean values of the annual effective dose is also lower than the values reported for different other countries of the world. 相似文献
146.
Razzaq H Qureshi R Janjua NK Saira F Saleemi S 《Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy》2008,70(5):1034-1040
In the present study CT complexes of 2-, 3- and 4-Picolines with (DDQ) 2, 3-dichloro-5, 6-dicyano parabenzoquinone (pi-acceptor) and (I(2)) Iodine (sigma-acceptor) have been investigated spectrophotometrically in three different solvents (CCl(4), CHCl(3) and CH(2)Cl(2)) at six different temperatures. The formation constants of the CT complexes were determined by the Benesi-Hildebrand equation. The thermodynamic parameters were calculated by Van(')t Hoff equation. The DeltaH degrees , DeltaG degrees and DeltaS degrees values are all negative implying that the formation of studied complexes is exothermic in nature. 相似文献
147.
Background
The study was aimed at investigating the effect of various solvents on the absorption spectra of Neutral Red, a dye belonging to the quinone-imine class of dyes. The solvents chosen for the study were water, ethanol, acetonitrile, acetone, propan-1-ol, chloroform, nitrobenzene, ethyleneglycol, acetic acid, DMSO and DMF. 相似文献148.
Janusz Kempa Bryan Pattison Ewa Gładysz-Dziaduś Lawrence W. Jones Rauf Mukhamedshin Masanobu Tamada Zbigniew Włodarczyk 《Central European Journal of Physics》2012,10(4):723-741
The cosmic ray emulsion chamber community has reported several unusual phenomena which are also relevant to experiments at the current high-energy accelerators, in particular the Fermilab Tevatron Collider and the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). A summary of the ”Cosmic Rays at Mountain Altitude” workshop held at Plock (Poland, September 2010) is given. 相似文献
149.
Shahid Mahmud Muhammad Saleem Saima Siddique Rauf Ahmed Razia Khanum Zahida Perveen 《Journal of Saudi Chemical Society》2009,13(2):195-198
Essential oil of Citrus acida Roxb. var. sour lime was analyzed by GC–MS. Out of 59 components 18 were identified from their fragmentation pattern. Among the identified constituents, o-cymene (16.62%) was found as a major component followed by α-cedrene (10.57%), decadienal (8.043%), bisabolene (5.066%) and β-humelene (4.135%). Citronellyl acetate (2.371%), linalool acetate (2.371%), carvone (1.806%), decanone (1.474%), isopulegol acetate (1.296%), farnesol (1.254%), 4′-methoxyacetophenone (1.207%), and Δ-carene (1.070%) were found in minor quantities whereas α-terpineole (0.607%), dihydroxylinalool acetate (0.650%), cis-nerone (0.574%), caryophyllene oxide (0.433%), and 2,2-dimethyl-3,4-octadienal (0.375%) were found in minute amounts.The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of C. acida was determined by disc diffusion method, against different bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Salmonella typhymurium) and fungi (Aspergillus ficuum, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavis, Fusarium saloni, Fusarium oxysporum, Pencillium digitatum, Candida utilis). Maximum zone of inhibition was resulted against B. subtilis (22 mm) followed by C. utilis (20 mm) and B. cereus (19.8 mm), whereas the minimum zone of inhibition was shown by P. digitatum (10 mm). The inhibition zones, measured after 48 h and 96 h, showed that it is active against all tested bacteria and fungi. The results of antioxidant activity of essential oil of C. acida var. sour lime showed that it was able to reduce the stable radical DPPH to yellow-colored DPPH-H reaching 91.7% of DPPH scavenging effect comparative to ascorbic acid being a strong antioxidant reagent. 相似文献
150.
Abdur Rauf Mazhar Mehmood Muhammad Asim Rasheed Muhammad Aslam 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2009,13(2):321-332
A series of porous anodic alumina has been prepared by anodizing aluminum surface in 0.3 M oxalic acid at different voltages.
Prior to anodizing, the surface was pretreated in two different electropolishing electrolytes. One was Brytal solution (15%
Na2CO3 and 5% Na3PO4) at 80 °C in which the electropolishing was performed at 2 V. This resulted in about 100–150 nm apart random features of
4–5 nm height. The other was the commonly employed perchloric acid–alcohol solution (1:4 ratio by volume), in which the electropolishing
was performed at 20 V. The resulting surface comprised nanostripes of 1–2 nm amplitude with a wavelength of about 50 nm. The
former pretreatment proved better for self-ordering of the pores at the anodizing voltage of 50–60 V, while the latter pretreatment
was found better at the anodizing voltage of 40 V. The improved pore ordering at a given voltage was attributed to the higher
pore density as associated with greater repulsive interactions among the pores. 相似文献