Separating maps on weighted function algebras on topological groups

Let G ₁ and G ₂ be locally compact groups and let ω ₁ and ω ₂ be weight functions on G ₁ and G ₂, respectively. For i = 1, 2, let also C ₀(G _i , 1/ω _i ) be the algebra of all continuous complex-valued functions f on G _i such that f/ω _i vanish at infinity, and let H: C ₀(G ₁, 1/ω ₁) → C ₀(G ₂, 1/ω ₂) be a separating map; that is, a linear map such that H(f)H(g) = 0 for all f, g ∈ C ₀(G ₁, 1/ω ₁) with fg = 0. In this paper, we study conditions under which H can be represented as a weighted composition map; i.e., H(f) = φ(f ℴ h) for all f ∈ C ₀(G ₁, 1/ω ₁), where φ: G ₂ → ℂ is a non-vanishing continuous function and h: G ₂ → G ₁ is a topological isomorphism. Finally, we offer a statement equivalent to that h is also a group homomorphism.     

The M/M/1 queue with inventory, lost sale, and general lead times

We consider an M/M/1 queueing system with inventory under the $(r,Q)$ policy and with lost sales, in which demands occur according to a Poisson process and service times are exponentially distributed. All arriving customers during stockout are lost. We derive the stationary distributions of the joint queue length (number of customers in the system) and on-hand inventory when lead times are random variables and can take various distributions. The derived stationary distributions are used to formulate long-run average performance measures and cost functions in some numerical examples.     

Certain locally convex topologies on the discrete vector-valued Lebesgue spaces

Let Γ be a set and (E, ‖·‖ _E ) be a nontrivial Banach space. In this paper, through generalizing to vector-valued discrete Lebesgue spaces ? ¹(Γ,E), we show that the topology β ¹(Γ,E) introduced by Singh is, in fact, a type of strict topology. This observation enables us to conclude various basic properties of β ¹(Γ,E). Then, we consider the discrete semigroup algebra ? ¹(S,E) under certain locally convex topologies. As an application of our results, we show that the semigroup algebra (? ¹(S,E), β ¹(S,E)) with the convolution as multiplication is a complete semi-topological (but not topological) algebra.     

6-alkoxy-3,4-dihydro-2h-pyrans from substituted α,β-unsaturated esters

Cycloaddition reactions of substituted α,β-unsaturated esters with various electronich olefins lead to 6-alkoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrans.     

Reversible Melting of Semi-crystalline Polymers Frequency dependence of the reversible melting enthalpy

Modulated DSC (MDSC) has been used to study the heat flow during melting and crystallisation of some semi-crystalline polymers i.e. different grades of polyethylene (LDPE, LLDPE and HDPE), and polypropylene (PP). The heat capacities measured by MDSC are compared with the hypothetical complex heat capacities of Schawe and it is shown that numerically they are equivalent; nevertheless, the concept of the complex heat capacity is problematic on a thermodynamic basis. A reversing heat flow (proportional to the experimental heat capacity of the material) was present at all conditions used for the study. In the melting zone of the polymers it depends on the modulation frequency and on the amplitude. Higher amplitude and frequency of modulation reduce the ratio of the reversing heat flow to the total heat flow, the latter is nearly independent on these parameters. The reversible component of the melting enthalpy of polymers depends on the modulation frequency, the modulation amplitude and the type of the polymer. It increases by increasing the branching in polyethylene. The existence of the reversible heat flow during the crystallisation and melting is contrary to the current hypotheses and theories of polymer crystallisation. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A hybrid metaheuritic technique developed for hourly load forecasting

Electricity load forecasting has become one of the most functioning tools in energy efficiency and load management and utility companies which has been made very complex due to deregulation. Due to the importance of providing a secure and economic electricty for the consumers, having a reliable and robust enough forecast engine in short‐term load management is very needful. Fuzzy inference system is one of primal branches of Artificial Intelligence techniques which has been widely used for different applications of decision making in complex systems. This paper aims to develop a Fuzzy inference system as a main forecast engine for Short term Load Forecasting (STLF) of a city in Iran. However, the optimization of this platform for this special case remains a basic problem. Hence, to address this issue, the Radial Movement Optimization (RMO) technique is proposed to optimize the whole Fuzzy platform. To support this idea, the accuracy of the proposed model is analyzed using MAPE index and an average error of 1.38% is obtained for the forecast load demand which represents the reliability of the proposed method. Finally, results achieved by this method, demonstrate that an adaptive two‐stage hybrid system consisting of Fuzzy & RMO can be an accurate and robust enough choice for STLF problems. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 521–532, 2016     

Alkyl chain length effect on construction of copper(II) complexes with tridentate Schiff base ligand and DNA interaction

Two tridentate Schiff base ligands were synthesized by condensation of equimolar amounts of benzoylacetone and 2-amino-1-ethanol or 3-amino-1-propanol, H₂L¹ and H₂L², respectively. The reaction of the Schiff base ligands with Cu(CH₃COO)₂ in methanol leads to (CuL¹)₄, 1 and (CuL²)₂, 2. In the tetranuclear cubane species, the tridentate H₂L has both a chelating and a bridging mode, after double deprotonation of the enolic OH groups. The copper(II) centers are five-coordinate with a NO₄ donor set from the ligands. The coordination geometry around each copper ion is essentially square pyramidal with one nitrogen and two oxygens from one ligand and two oxygens of adjacent ligands from the next unit of the cubane. In dinuclear 2, H₂L² has chelating and bridging modes after double deprotonation of the enolic OH groups. The dianionic form of the Schiff base coordinates forming a six-membered chelate ring with Cu(II). Two such monomeric CuL² entities are eventually linked through the alkoxo bridges to produce dinuclear 2. The absorption spectra strongly suggest that 2 interacts with CT-DNA. Both 1 and 2 appear to be more efficient than the parent compound in DNA cleavage.     

2‐(1H‐Benzotriazole‐1‐yl)‐1,1,3,3‐Tetramethyluronium Tetrafluoro Borate (TBTU) as an Efficient Coupling Reagent for the Esterification of Carboxylic acids with Alcohols and Phenols at Room Temperature

Esterification of carboxylic acids with alcohols and phenols by using 2‐(1H‐benzotriazole‐1‐yl)‐1,1,3,3‐tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate (TBTU) in the presence of triethylamine as a base proceeded smoothly under mild conditions to afford the corresponding esters in good to high yields in acetonitrile at room temperature.     

Removal of Toluene from Air Using a Cycled Storage-Discharge (CSD) Plasma Catalytic Process

Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing - Cycled storage-discharge (CSD) air-plasma catalytic process was used for removing toluene from simulated 40% humid air. The different catalytic activities...