“化学与人类”课程教学实践

介绍了“化学与人类”课程的基本情况,提出了以教学、参与、创新、实践为特色的化学人文素质教育新模式,该模式在教学实践中取得了一些初步成果。     

金属前驱体比例和硫化温度对Cu-Sn-S薄膜特性的影响

使用射频磁控溅射在镀Mo的玻璃基底上制备了Cu/Sn化学计量比为1.4 ～2.0的金属前驱体薄膜.经过400℃、450℃和500 ℃硫化后获得了一系列Cu-Sn-S薄膜.采用X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、拉曼光谱、原子力显微镜和紫外可见近红外分光光度计对样品进行了表征.结果表明:硫化温度与前驱体中Cu/Sn化学计量比对Cu-Sn-S薄膜的结构、化学组分和光学性能影响较大.当硫化温度为450℃,前驱体中Cu/Sn化学计量比为1.4∶1时,能得到近乎单一相、四方结构的Cu2SnS3薄膜,光学带隙为1.01 eV.过高的Cu/Sn化学计量比或硫化温度都会导致Cu3SnS4或Cu4SnS4的出现.     

2-磺基对苯二甲酸与多吡啶配体的锰(Ⅱ)配合物的晶体结构和磁学性质

利用2-磺基对苯二甲酸钠(2-NaH2stp)、2,4,6-三(2-吡啶)-5-嗪(tpt)和水合醋酸锰在溶剂热条件下合成了一种二维的新型配合物[Mn3 (stp)2 (tpt)3(H2O)2](H2O)2(1).结构分析表明,该配合物中有两个晶体学独立的锰离子,Mn1与6个氧原子配位,Mn2与3个氧原子和3个氮原子配位,均处于八面体构型.Mn2离子通过stp配体链接成双螺旋一维链,而Mn1离子将一维链进一步链接成二维层结构,层间通过晶格水分子的氢键和tpt分子间的π…π堆积作用堆垛成三维超分子结构.配合物1的磁学性质研究表明,金属离子Mn(Ⅱ)之间存在弱的反铁磁相互作用.     

硅树脂对多孔氧化铝基陶瓷的制备及强化效应的影响

以氧化铝粉为基体,热固性硅树脂为粘结剂,利用热压注方法制备出多孔氧化铝基陶瓷试样,接着又用液态硅树脂对该试样进行强化处理.结果表明:以硅树脂为粘结剂,制备的氧化铝基陶瓷在1500℃烧结后,具有46.99;的显气孔率,22.15 MPa的抗弯强度,0.23;的收缩率,但其1600℃高温抗弯强度仅为2.04 MPa.在液态硅树脂强化后,其室温强度达到了37.67 MPa,高温强度也相继增加,在1600℃下,其强度增加到10.18 MPa.     

白光LED用K2Ba(WO4)2∶Sm3+红色荧光粉的制备与表征

采用高温固相法合成了一种新型K2Ba(WO4)2∶xSm3+红色荧光粉.通过XRD、SEM和荧光分光光度计对样品的结构、形貌和发光性能进行了研究.结果表明:该荧光粉具有三方晶系结构,在402 nm处有较强的激发峰,与近紫外LED芯片相匹配.在402 nm激发下,出现了Sm3的4G5/2→6 HJ(J=5/2,7/2,9/2,11/2)的特征跃迁,最强峰位于602 nm处,对应于Sm3+的4G5/2→6H3/2跃迁.Sm3+的最佳掺杂量为x=0.02,且Sm3+之间的临界距离为2.776 nm,浓度猝灭的机理为电偶极-电偶极相互作用.     

YBCO/ND-Y2O3/YBCO超导薄膜的制备及其特性研究

采用光辅助金属有机物化学气相沉积技术,在LaAlO3(100)单晶衬底上外延制备约500 nm厚YBCO/ND-Y2O3/YBCO薄膜.用X射线衍射技术分析薄膜的物相结构和外延特性,通过扫描电子显微镜观察薄膜的表面与截面形貌.主要研究了不同生长时间的Y2 O3纳米点对YBCO超导薄膜性能的影响.Y2 O3纳米点生长时间为2Os样品的临界电流密度达到2.4 MA/cm2(77 K,0T),与未生长Y2O3纳米点的YBCO薄膜相比,其临界电流密度提高20;.分析表明,薄膜中的Y2O3在YBCO薄膜内部起到了有效钉扎中心作用,提高了临界电流密度.     

诺氟沙星与DNA的拉曼光谱研究

报道了诺氟沙星(NFX)及诺氟沙星胶囊内容物的FT-Raman光谱和在银胶基底上的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS),归属了各个振动;研究了诺氟沙星与DNA的相互作用的SERS,结果表明:胶囊内容物的拉曼光谱图与对照品的拉曼光谱图的特征振动峰:C-F键的伸缩振动,C=C伸缩振动,O-C-O的对称伸缩振动峰值未发生变化,发生变化主要是分子骨架振动峰,诺氟沙星胶囊的辅料对拉曼光谱无实质影响,可建立拉曼光谱法检测诺氟沙星药物的分析方法;诺氟沙星可以在没有金属离子的存在下与DNA直接作用,与DNA相互作用的主要键合模式是插入作用,NFX分子中的平面结构插入DNA的双螺旋碱基平面,为深入了解喹诺酮类抗生素的抗菌机理提供可靠依据.     

多媒体课件在物理教学中的应用分析

进入新世纪,传统教学模式已不适应现代教育教学的需要,多媒体辅助教学应运而生,且已融人现代教育技术,参与到整个教学过程.电教媒体不再局限于视听范畴,而呈现多媒体化、超文本化、网络化、交互性等新特点.应用多媒体课件,化抽象为形象、微观为宏观、静态为动态、不可操作为可操作过程,对激发学生的学习兴趣和积极性,化解知识难点,提高综合能力,推进素质教育具有重要意义.     

Sound velocities of compressed Fe3C from simultaneous synchrotron X‐ray diffraction and nuclear resonant scattering measurements

The applications of nuclear resonant scattering in laser‐heated diamond anvil cells have provided an important probe for the magnetic and vibrational properties of ⁵⁷Fe‐bearing materials under high pressure and high temperature. Synchrotron X‐ray diffraction is one of the most powerful tools for studying phase stability and equation of state over a wide range of pressure and temperature conditions. Recently an experimental capability has been developed for simultaneous nuclear resonant scattering and X‐ray diffraction measurements using synchrotron radiation. Here the application of this method to determine the sound velocities of compressed Fe₃C is shown. The X‐ray diffraction measurements allow detection of microscale impurities, phase transitions and chemical reactions upon compression or heating. They also provide information on sample pressure, grain size distribution and unit cell volume. By combining the Debye velocity extracted from the nuclear resonant inelastic X‐ray scattering measurements and the structure, density and elasticity data from the X‐ray diffraction measurements simultaneously obtained, more accurate sound velocity data can be derived. Our results on few‐crystal and powder samples indicate strong anisotropy in the sound velocities of Fe₃C under ambient conditions.     

Densification study of ITO films during high temperature annealing by GISAXS

Three thermal routes were treated on the sol-gel ITO films, i.e. conventional thermal annealing (CTA), rapid thermal annealing (RTA) and thermal cycle annealing (TCA). The near surface and internal structures of films were characterized by grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) technique. It is found that slit-like pores show fractal structures laterally and the near surface is sparser with bigger pores. Ordered pore structure normal to the film appears when films are annealed at high heating rate. The shrinkage of pores is mainly owing to structural relaxation and diffusion during the superheating process. However, the supercooling process has no significant effect on the structures. Furthermore, CTA samples have the greatest porosity and surface roughness due to the prevailing crystallization as well as the coarsening procedure. However small pores inside the films are eliminated at low temperature.