Effect of Vitamin B Complex Treatment on Macrophages to Schwann Cells Association during Neuroinflammation after Peripheral Nerve Injury

Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) triggers a complex multi-cellular response involving the injured neurons, Schwann cells (SCs), and immune cells, often resulting in poor functional recovery. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the treatment with vitamin B (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, and B12) complex on the interaction between macrophages and SCs during the recovery period after PNI. Transection of the motor branch of the femoral nerve followed by reconstruction by termino-terminal anastomosis was used as an experimental model. Isolated nerves from the sham (S), operated (O), and operated groups treated with the B vitamins (OT group) were used for immunofluorescence analysis. The obtained data indicated that PNI modulates interactions between macrophages and SCs in a time-dependent manner. The treatment with B vitamins complex promoted the M1-to M2-macrophage polarization and accelerated the transition from the non-myelin to myelin-forming SCs, an indicative of SCs maturation. The effect of B vitamins complex on both cell types was accompanied with an increase in macrophage/SC interactions, all of which correlated with the regeneration of the injured nerve. Clearly, the capacity of B vitamins to modulate macrophages-SCs interaction may be promising for the treatment of PNI.     

Changes of Electromagnetic Properties of a Cold-Sintered Cobalt Powder During Temperature Releasing

The processes that follow the changes of electric and magnetic properties during cooling of samples prepared by cold sintering of a polycrystalline cobalt powder are analyzed. These processes are examined on the electronic level for the configuration model of a solid body.__________Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 2, pp. 11–15, February, 2005.     

Computational methods for identification of functional residues in protein structures

The recent accumulation of experimentally determined protein 3D structures combined with our ability to computationally model structure from amino acid sequence has resulted in an increased importance of structure-based methods for protein function prediction. Two types of methods for function prediction have been proposed: those that can accurately predict overall biochemical or biological roles of a protein and those that predict its functional residues. Here, we review approaches used for the computational identification of functional residues in protein structures and summarize their applications to a wide variety of problems in functional proteomics, such as the prediction of catalytic residues, post-translational modifications, or nucleic acid-binding sites. We examine four different problems in order to perform a comparison between several recently proposed methods and, finally, conclude by identifying limitations and future challenges in this field.     

Two-phase flows in gun barrel: Theoretical and experimental studies

In the paper theoretical and numerical model of two-phase flow of solid granular propellant and its products of combustion in the gun barrel during interior ballistic cycle is given. Two cases are considered: base ignition of propellant charge and ignition by igniter. The theoretical model includes the balance equations of mass, momentum and energy for both phases, as well as necessary constitutive laws. The igniter efflux in the propellant chamber is obtained by incorporation in the model the two-phase flow model of igniter function. The convergent, unconditionally stable, numerical procedure is formed to solve the system of equations of the theoretical model. An original procedure of numerical grid adaptation to the flow field increase, caused by the projectile motion down the gun bore, is developed. The TWOPIB code for the computation of whole interior ballistic cycle of ammunition is developed. Four kinds of experimental investigations were carried out:igniter function in open air, flamespreading through propellant charge in the fibreglass tube during base ignition or during ignition by igniter, and firing of 100 mm APFSDS projectile. Verification of the theoretical–numerical approach by the comparison with experimental data is carried out. The great number of computational results is presented for the parameters that can not be measured, but which are necessary for more complete understanding of examined processes. The presented theoretical–numerical access enables, not only the complete optimisation of propellant charges, but more successful solutions of many interior ballistic problems.     

Effect of rotary inertia and shear on vibration and buckling of a double beam system under compressive axial loading

Free transverse vibration and buckling of a double-beam continuously joined by a Winkler elastic layer under compressive axial loading with the influence of rotary inertia and shear are considered in this paper. The motion of the system is described by a homogeneous set of two partial differential equations, which is solved by using the classical Bernoulli?CFourier method. The boundary value and initial value problems are solved. The natural frequencies and associated amplitude ratios of an elastically connected double-beam complex system and the analytical solution of the critical buckling load are determined. The presented theoretical analysis is illustrated by a numerical example, in which the effect of physical parameters characterizing the vibrating system on the natural frequency, the associated amplitude ratios and the critical buckling load are discussed.     

Comments on some recent results concerning {2, 3} and {2, 4}-generalized inverses

We give a comment on some recent results concerning the representations of generalized {2, 3} and {2, 4}-inverses. Shorter proofs of some previous results are presented.     

Iterative method for computing the Moore-Penrose inverse based on Penrose equations

An iterative algorithm for estimating the Moore-Penrose generalized inverse is developed. The main motive for the construction of the algorithm is simultaneous usage of Penrose equations (2) and (4). Convergence properties of the introduced method as well as their first-order and second-order error terms are considered. Numerical experiment is also presented.     

Graphene on Ir(111): physisorption with chemical modulation

The nonlocal van der Waals density functional approach is applied to calculate the binding of graphene to Ir(111). The precise agreement of the calculated mean height h = 3.41 ? of the C atoms with their mean height h = (3.38±0.04) ? as measured by the x-ray standing wave technique provides a benchmark for the applicability of the nonlocal functional. We find bonding of graphene to Ir(111) to be due to the van der Waals interaction with an antibonding average contribution from chemical interaction. Despite its globally repulsive character, in certain areas of the large graphene moiré unit cell charge accumulation between Ir substrate and graphene C atoms is observed, signaling a weak covalent bond formation.     

Indole in Argon Matrix: The Near UV Spectra.

Abstract

The near UV absorption, steady-state polarized fluorescence excitation and time–-resolved fluorescence emission spectra of indole in argon matrix are reported. The absorption maxima of the four lowest singlet transitions were identified at 35095 cm^?1(also the S_{1, 0} 0–0 band), 37650 cm^?1 (S_2,0), 47415 cm^?1 (S_3,0), and 51680 cm^?1 (S_4,0). No distinct 0–0 band of the second transition was identified but the linearly polarized, steady-state fluorescence excitation spectrum indicates an onset of weak S_2,0 bands on the blue side of the S_1,0 0–0 peak (35095 + 400 cm^?1). Only one fluorescence emission component, of 4.9±0.2 ns, was obtained by excitation over the S_{1, 0} 0–0 + 565 cm^?1 to S_1,0 0–0 - 245 cm^?1 domain. The reported data strongly suggest the ¹L_b ^?1A₁ and ¹L_a ^?1A₁assignment for the lowest and next lowest transitions, respectively.     

Least Squares Properties of Generalized Inverses

The aim of this paper is to systematize solutions of some systems of linear equations in terms of generalized inverses.As a significant application of the Moore-Penrose inverse,the best approximation solution to linear matrix equations (i.e.both least squares and the minimal norm) is considered.Also,characterizations of least squares solution and solution of minimum norm are given.Basic properties of the Drazin-inverse solution and the outer-inverse so-lution are present.Motivated by recent research,important least square prop-erties of composite outer inverses are collected.