On dynamic sliding mode control of nonlinear fractional-order systems using sliding observer

Nonlinear Dynamics - In this study, a new fractional-order dynamic sliding mode control (FDSMC) for a class of nonlinear systems is presented. In FDSMC, an integrator is placed before the input...     

Thermal and pH dual responsive polyurethane/2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate hybrids: Synthesis,characterization, and swelling behavior

This article describes the synthesis and characterization of stimuli-sensitive hybrid films using 2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DPA), and a polyurethane (PU) base on isophorone diisocyanate. Hybrid films with different amounts of DPA present good film and physicochemical properties. Characterization techniques such as Fourier transform infrared, UV–visible, modulate differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis reveal chemical interactions between PU and DPA groups. Swelling behavior of films shows a dependence on DPA content, pH, and temperature and different mechanisms of water uptake in response to pH and temperature variations. Hybrid systems would allow controlling water absorption not only through pH or temperature but also from the chosen PU/DPA proportion.     

CO2 Binding and Splitting by Boron–Boron Multiple Bonds

The room‐temperature, ambient‐pressure reactions of CO₂ with two species containing boron–boron multiple bonds led to the incorporation of either one or two CO₂ molecules. The structural characterization of a thermally unstable intermediate in one case indicates that an initial [2+2] cycloaddition is the key step in the reaction mechanism.