Asymptotic behavior of solutions of nonlinear Volterra equations

An energy decay rate is obtained for solutions of wave type equations in a bounded region in Rⁿ whose boundary consists partly of a nontrapping reflecting surface and partly of an energy absorbing surface.     

Precomputed compressive sensing for light transport acquisition

In this article, we propose an efficient and accurate compressive-sensing-based method for estimating the light transport characteristics of real-world scenes. Although compressive sensing allows the efficient estimation of a high-dimensional signal with a sparse or near-to-sparse representation from a small number of samples, the computational cost of the compressive sensing in estimating the light transport characteristics is relatively high. Moreover, these methods require a relatively smaller number of images than other techniques although they still need 500–1000 images to estimate an accurate light transport matrix. Precomputed compressive sensing improves the performance of the compressive sensing by providing an appropriate initial state. This improvement is achieved in two steps: 1) pseudo-single-pixel projection by multiline projection and 2) regularized orthogonal matching pursuit (ROMP) with initial signal. With these two steps, we can estimate the light transport characteristics more accurately, much faster, and with a lesser number of images.     

Existence of two solutions for the Bahri-Coron problem in an annular domain with a thin hole

We will show that the problem

     

Multiple Existence of Nonradial Positive Solutions for a Coupled Nonlinear Schrödinger System

In this paper, we consider the multiple existence of nonradial positive solutions of coupled nonlinear Schr?dinger system

Superoxide generator using polyaniline catalyst

A superoxide generator using a polyaniline catalyst was prepared. This apparatus was able to generate superoxide as 2.5 ppm of hydrogen peroxide concentration at an applied reduction current of −0.2 mA and at −0.25 V versus the saturated calomel electrode. Sterilizing of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa was confirmed by a cultivation test after 30 min of superoxide generation.     

Effect of defect size on fracture strength of dental low fusion porcelain

Various grinding defects were produced on the surface of specimen dental low fusion porcelain in an attempt to establish the relationship between defect size and fracture strength. In addition, the applicability of the process zone size-fracture criterion in assessing the material properties of dental low fusion porcelain was examined. Super porcelain AAA E3 (Noritake Co., Japan) was used as dental low fusion porcelain. The bending strength and fracture toughness value were estimated by the three-point bending test. After glazing, grinding flaws were introduced by grinding the specimen with abrasive papers of various mesh sizes. In order to calculate the fracture toughness value of dental low fusion porcelain, we introduced a surface crack using a Vickers indenter. The results were discussed based on the process zone size-fracture criterion. The size of cracks caused by grinding was estimated with the process zone size-fracture criterion and Newman-Raju formula. As the defect size decreased, the fracture stress approached the strength for smooth specimen without defect. The K(c) value showed a tendency to approach the K(lc) value when the defect size increased. The relationship between the fracture stress, sigma(F), and the equivalent crack length, a(e), was in good agreement with the theoretical relations deduced from the criterion in dental low fusion porcelain.     

Optimization of spectral sensitivities of mosaic five-band camera for estimating chromophore densities from skin images including shading and surface reflections

Optical Review - In this paper, the spectral sensitivities of a mosaic five-band camera were optimized using a numerical skin phantom to perform the separation of chromophore densities, shading and...     

Importance of a Fluorine Substituent for the Preparation of meta‐ and para‐Pentafluoro‐λ6‐sulfanyl‐Substituted Pyridines

Although there are ways to synthesize ortho‐pentafluoro‐λ⁶‐sulfanyl (SF₅) pyridines, meta‐ and para‐SF₅‐substituted pyridines are rare. We disclose herein a general route for their synthesis. The fundamental synthetic approach is the same as reported methods for ortho‐SF₅‐substituted pyridines and SF₅‐substituted arenes, that is, oxidative chlorotetrafluorination of the corresponding disulfides to give pyridylsulfur chlorotetrafluorides (SF₄Cl‐pyridines), followed by chloride/fluoride exchange with fluorides. However, the trick in this case is the presence on the pyridine ring of at least one fluorine atom, which is essential for the successful transformation of the disulfides into m‐and p‐SF₅‐pyridines. After enabling the synthesis of an SF₅‐substituted pyridine, ortho‐F groups can be efficiently substituted by C, N, S, and O nucleophiles through an S_NAr pathway. This methodology provides access to a variety of previously unavailable SF₅‐substituted pyridine building blocks.     

Influence of synthetic perfumes on stability of O/W emulsion in sodium dodecyl sulfate–n-dodecane–water ternary systems

Influence of synthetic perfumes having diverse chemical structures such as eugenol, linalool, benzyl acetate, α-ionone, α-hexylcinnamaldehyde, and d-limonene on stability of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion composed of sodium dodecyl sulfate, n-dodecane, and water is investigated. Turbidity measurements of the O/W emulsion indicate that the emulsion is stabilized by adding the synthetic perfume, except for d-limonene, and that this tendency is remarkable in adding eugenol. The addition of the perfume, especially eugenol, shrinks oil droplets in the O/W emulsion, which inhibits coagulation and/or creaming of oil droplets. When adding eugenol, moreover, ζ-potential of oil droplets increases negatively, and viscosity of the external water phase of the emulsion rises drastically. The increment in ζ-potential and viscosity by the addition of eugenol also prevents oil droplets from coagulation and/or creaming and makes the O/W emulsion still more stable.