Applications and extensions of cost curves to marine container inspection

Drummond and Holte introduced the theory of cost curves, a graphical technique for visualizing the performance of binary classifiers over the full range of possible class distributions and misclassification costs. In this paper, we use this concept to develop the Improvement Curve, a new performance metric for predictive models. Improvement curves are more user-friendly than cost curves and enable direct inter-classifier comparisons. We apply improvement curves to measure risk-assessment processes at Canada’s marine ports. We illustrate how implementing even a basic predictive model would lead to improved efficiency for the Canada Border Services Agency, regardless of class distributions or misclassification costs.     

The first halogen-substituted cyclotrigermenes: a unique halogen walk over the three-membered ring skeleton and facial stereoselectivity in the Diels-Alder reaction

Dark red crystals of the halogen-substituted cyclotrigermenes [(tBu3Si)3Ge3X; X = Cl, Br, I] were obtained in good yields by the reaction of [(tBu3Si)3Ge3]+.TTFPB- (TTFPB- = tetrakis(2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate) with potassium halides (KCl, KBr, or KI) in diethyl ether. The crystal structures of the halogen-substituted cyclotrigermenes reveal a cis-bent Ge=Ge double bond, caused by the introduction of the electronegative halogen atom on the sp3 germanium atom of cyclotrigermene. In solution, an intramolecular halogen migration over the three-membered ring skeleton was observed. Facial stereoselectivity in the Diels-Alder reaction of new cyclotrigermenes with 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene is also reported.     

Chilling resistances of isolates of Pythium ultimum var. ultimum from the Arctic and Temperate Zones

Chilling resistances in moss pathogenic fungi, Pythium ultimum var. ultimum, from Longyearbyen, Svalbard (78 degree N, 15 degree E), located in the Arctic Zone and in the same isolates from Temperate Zone, were determined. Both strains had similar optimum growth temperatures. However, the strains from Svalbard could grow and survive at 0 - 5 degrees C. In addition, chilling treatment induced irregular mycelial morphology in the Arctic isolates. On the other hand, the isolates from Japan did not grow at temperatures below 5C and were destroyed after chilling stress (0 degree C for 3 days or at 4 degrees C for 1 week). The results suggested that isolates from Svalbard highly adapted to the severe spring condition in Polar environments.     

On the miscibility gap in liquid bismuth-bismuth tribromide system

We have determined the location of the miscibility gap in liquid Bi-BiBr₃ system in the concentration-temperature, x?T, plane from the measurement of the electrical conductivity. The measurements have been done in the concentration range between 30.5 and 92.5 mol.% Bi and in the temperature range between 300 and 600°C. It is found that the temperature dependence of the conductivity of the mixture changes near the retrograde solubility region.     

Vector meson pole dominance in Jψ decays into mesons

The validity of the assumption that $\text{J}\text{ψ}$ decays into mesons proceed via ω, φ and ?⁰ poles followed by cascade decays is examined. $\text{Λ(}\text{J}\text{ψ}\text{→}\text{B}\text{π)}$ is well reproduced by using $\text{Λ(}\text{J}\text{ψ}\text{→ ?π), Λ(ω → ?π), Λ(}\text{B}\text{→ ωπ)}$ and the B → ωπ helicity structure. The structure of OZI-violating $\text{J}\text{ψ}\text{?}\text{V}{}^0$ transitions including the electromagnetic contribution is examined, and compared with the data on inclusive $\text{J}\text{ψ}$ decay.     

Observation of nonlinear coupling between small-poloidal wave-number potential fluctuations and turbulent potential fluctuations in Ohmically heated plasmas in the JFT-2M tokamak

Two types of electrostatic modes with small-poloidal wave numbers (approximately 1 and 10-15 kHz) are observed in the edge region of Ohmically heated plasmas in the JFT-2M tokamak. The envelope of the higher frequency coherent mode is modulated at the frequency of the lower frequency mode. A bispectral analysis revealed that a significant nonlinear coupling among the two types of fluctuations and the broadband background turbulent potential fluctuations occurs inside the last closed magnetic flux surface, suggesting that a nonlinear process such as the parametric-modulational instability is involved.     

Three-dimensional evolution of a relativistic current sheet: triggering of magnetic reconnection by the guide field

The linear and nonlinear evolution of a relativistic current sheet of pair (e(+/-)) plasmas is investigated by three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. In a Harris configuration, it is obtained that the magnetic energy is fast dissipated by the relativistic drift kink instability (RDKI). However, when a current-aligned magnetic field (the so-called "guide field") is introduced, the RDKI is stabilized by the magnetic tension force and it separates into two obliquely propagating modes, which we call the relativistic drift-kink-tearing instability. These two waves deform the current sheet so that they trigger relativistic magnetic reconnection at a crossover thinning point. Since relativistic reconnection produces a lot of nonthermal particles, the guide field is of critical importance to study the energetics of a relativistic current sheet.     

A novel dinuclear cyclometalated iridium complex bridged with 1,4-bis[pyridine-2-yl]benzene: its structure and photophysical properties

The synthesis, structure, and photophysical properties of a new cyclometalated dinuclear iridium complex, (ppy)2Ir(mu-BPB)Ir(ppy)2 [ppy = 2-phenylpyridine, BPB = 1,4-bis(pyridin-2-yl)benzene], have been investigated.     

A concise route to (+)-lactacystin

A facile chromatography-free route to Kang's intermediate for the synthesis of (+)-lactacystin, a potent proteasome inhibitor, has been developed starting with Brown's asymmetric crotylation of tert-butyl 5-formyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-5-ylcarbamate, easily available from 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol (Tris).