溶胶凝胶合成锰掺杂ZnO的室温磁性行为

通过溶胶凝胶自燃法合成锰掺杂氧化锌纳米晶体, 研究了Mn掺杂ZnO稀磁半导体(简称DMS)的性质．X射线衍射光谱表明,锰掺杂氧化锌保留纤锌矿型状氧化锌六角晶体结构．采用能量色散X射线能谱和扫描电子显微镜分别对成分和形态进行研究．温度依赖的电阻率显示了DMS的半导体材料行为．振动样品磁强计测定的室温磁性行为,揭示了锰掺杂氧化锌的铁磁性和反磁性特性.     

Non linear analysis of obliquely propagating spin electron acoustic wave in a partially spin polarized degenerate plasma

By employing the separated spin evolution quantum hydrodynamic model, non-linear evolution of obliquely propagating spin electron acoustic wave (SEAW) is presented. The solitary structures of SEAW is investigated through the Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation derived using reductive perturbation method. From the first order perturbations we derive the dispersion relation of SEAW and find that both the spin polarization and the propagation angle reduce the phase velocity while the electron streaming enhances it. Using small amplitude approximation, the solitary structure of SEAW is analyzed and the effects of spin polarization, propagation angle and electron streaming on the SEA soliton are studied. Our numerical results demonstrate that the spin polarization and the propagation angle play a balancing act on the soliton structures. The possible applications of our investigation to the astrophysical environments like white dwarfs is also discussed.     

New cocrystals of heterocyclic drugs: structural,antileishmanial, larvicidal and urease inhibition studies

Many heterocycles have been developed as drugs due to their capacity to interact productively with biological systems. The present study aimed to synthesize cocrystals of the heterocyclic antitubercular agent pyrazinamide ( PYZ , 1 , BCS III) and the commercially available anticonvulsant drug carbamazepine ( CBZ , 2 , BCS class II) to study the effect of cocrystallization on the stability and biological activities of these drugs. Two new cocrystals, namely, pyrazinamide–homophthalic acid (1/1) ( PYZ:HMA , 3 ) and carbamazepine–5-chlorosalicylic acid (1/1) ( CBZ:5-SA , 4 ), were synthesized. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction-based structure of carbamazepine–trans-cinnamic acid (1/1) ( CBZ:TCA , 5 ) was also studied for the first time, along with the known cocrystal carbamazepine–nicotinamide (1/1) ( CBZ:NA , 6 ). From a combination drug perspective, these are interesting pharmaceutical cocrystals to overcome the known side effects of PYZ ( 1 ) therapy, and the poor biopharmaceutical properties of CBZ ( 2 ). The purity and homogeneity of all the synthesized cocrystals were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction and FT–IR analysis, followed by thermal stability studies based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Detailed intermolecular interactions and the role of hydrogen bonding towards crystal stability were evaluated quantitatively via Hirshfeld surface analysis. The solubility of CBZ at pH 6.8 and 7.4 in 0.1 N HCl and H₂O were compared with the values of cocrystal CBZ:5-SA ( 4 ). The solubility of CBZ:5-SA was found to be significantly improved at pH 6.8 and 7.4 in H₂O. All the synthesized cocrystals 3 – 6 exhibited a potent urease inhibition (IC₅₀ values range from 17.32 ± 0.89 to 12.3 ± 0.8 µM), several times more potent than standard acetohydroxamic acid (IC₅₀ = 20.34 ± 0.43 µM). PYZ:HMA ( 3 ) also exhibited potent larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti. Among the synthesized cocrystals, PYZ:HMA ( 3 ) and CBZ:TCA ( 5 ) were found to possess antileishmanial activity against the miltefosine-induced resistant strain of Leishmania major, with IC₅₀ values of 111.98 ± 0.99 and 111.90 ± 1.44 µM, respectively, in comparison with miltefosine (IC₅₀ = 169.55 ± 0.20 µM).