全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1606篇 |
免费 | 83篇 |
国内免费 | 25篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1164篇 |
晶体学 | 8篇 |
力学 | 84篇 |
数学 | 208篇 |
物理学 | 250篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 10篇 |
2022年 | 16篇 |
2021年 | 84篇 |
2020年 | 60篇 |
2019年 | 74篇 |
2018年 | 86篇 |
2017年 | 52篇 |
2016年 | 86篇 |
2015年 | 68篇 |
2014年 | 103篇 |
2013年 | 174篇 |
2012年 | 138篇 |
2011年 | 136篇 |
2010年 | 96篇 |
2009年 | 80篇 |
2008年 | 73篇 |
2007年 | 74篇 |
2006年 | 56篇 |
2005年 | 51篇 |
2004年 | 26篇 |
2003年 | 21篇 |
2002年 | 16篇 |
2001年 | 11篇 |
2000年 | 17篇 |
1999年 | 7篇 |
1998年 | 4篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1968年 | 2篇 |
1936年 | 1篇 |
1932年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1714条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
Razieh Doostmohammadi Malek Taher Maghsoodlou Nourallah Hazeri Sayyed Mostafa Habibi-Khorassani 《中国化学快报》2013,24(10):901-903
A facile one-pot synthesis of 3,4,5-substituted furan-2(5H)-one derivatives from a three-component reaction of aniline derivatives, dialkylacetylenedicarboxylates and aromatic aldehydes under mild conditions using tetra-n-butylammonium bisulfate as a catalyst has been developed. 相似文献
82.
Determination of Trichloroacetic Acid (TCAA) Using CdO Nanoparticles Modified Carbon Paste Electrode
In this paper, the electrochemical behavior of a carbon paste electrode modified with CdO nanoparticles as a potential electrocatalyst for the reduction of trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) was investigated using cyclic voltammetry and double‐potential step chronoamperometry. The modified electrode showed a great enhancement in cathodic peak current with respect to reduction of TCAA in acidic aqueous solution. Using this increment, a quantitative method was developed for the determination of TCAA in aqueous solution. The detection limit and linear dynamic range of TCAA are 2.3×10?6 M and 2.3×10?4–3×10?6 M, respectively. 相似文献
83.
Mehdi Shahraki Sayyed Mostafa Habibi-Khorassani Ali Ebrahimi Malektaher Maghsoodlou Younes Ghalandarzehi 《Structural chemistry》2013,24(2):623-635
The chemoselectivity of geometrically ylide compounds is often hard to assign from experimental techniques, particular system with intramolecular hydrogen bonding (IHB) are even more challenging. Herein, theoretical calculations were performed to investigate whether theoretical results would provide consistent evidence for the existence of IHB to confirm experimental data and to evaluate strength of the N–H···O IHB from geometrical synthesized 2-substituted pyrrole stable phosphorus ylide (dimethyl 2-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-3-(triphenylphosphoranylidene) butanedioate in a single chemoselective compound. Topological parameters at the bond critical points (BCP) of intramolecular hydrogen bonds from Bader’s atoms in molecules (AIM) theory and Winhold’s natural bond orbital (NBO) calculations were analyzed at the B3LYP/6-311++g** level in details. A series of gage-including atomic orbital chemical shift (GIAO c.s.) calculations at the HF and DFT levels of theory were carried out to assign the 1H NMR chemical shifts. The best prediction of the experimental 1H NMR values was obtained at the mPW1PW91 levels using the 6-31G** basis set. Theoretical results, in agreement with the experimental data, were confirmed the N–H···O IHB was caused the deshielding of the proton to lower field. The barriers in double bond and single bond rotation were theoretically estimated in detailed and the AIM and NPA approaches were confirmed the loss of charge of the hydrogen atom involving in intramolecular N–H···O hydrogen bonding. The geometrical and topological parameters from AIM and NBO analyses were indicated the medium N–H···O IHB. 相似文献
84.
Nasser Y. Mostafa Abdallah A. Shaltout Lachezar Radev Hassan M. Hassan 《Central European Journal of Chemistry》2013,11(2):140-150
The present work investigates surface biocompatibility of silicon-substituted calcium phosphate ceramics. Different silicon-substituted calcium phosphate ceramic bodies were prepared from co-precipitated powders by sintering at 1300°C. The in vitro bioactivity of the ceramics was assessed in simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37°C for periods up to 4 weeks. The changes in the surface morphology and composition were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with electron probe microanalysis and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDX). Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was used to observe the change in ionic concentration of SBF after removal of the samples. The bioactivity of the ceramics increased with an increasing silicate ion substitution in a systematic way. The surface of ceramics with 2.23% silicon substitution was partially covered with apatite layer after one week, while ceramics with 8.1% silicon substitution were completely covered with apatite in the first week. The porous microstructure of high-concentration Si-substituted ceramics helps the dissolution of surface ions and the leaching process. This allows SBF to reach supersaturation in a short time and accelerate the deposition of apatite layer. 相似文献
85.
Nourallah Hazeri Malek Taher Maghsoodlou Sayyed Mostafa Habibi‐Khorassani Jasem Aboonajmi Seyed Sajad Sajadikhah 《中国化学会会志》2013,60(4):355-358
Fe(NO3)3·9H2O is used as an efficient and effective catalyst for the one‐pot three‐component synthesis of highly functionalized piperidines from aromatic aldehydes, anilines and b–ketoesters in ethanol at ambient temperature. This procedure includes some important aspects like the easy work‐up, no need to column chromatography, simple and readily available precursors, and good to high yields. 相似文献
86.
Majid Haji Hosseini Peyman Asaadi Mohammad Rezaee Mohammad Reza Rezaei Mohammad Reza Pourjavid Masoud Arabieh Ahmad Amrollah Abhari 《Chromatographia》2013,76(23-24):1779-1784
This work proposes a new, rapid and simple homogeneous liquid–liquid microextraction via flotation assistance technique for the analysis of six organochlorine pesticides in water samples. A special extraction cell was used to facilitate collection of the low-density solvent extract. No centrifugation was required in this procedure. Determination was carried using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The water sample solution was then added into the extraction cell containing appropriate mixture of extract and homogeneous solvents. In the first step, a homogeneous solution and then with the continuation of water sample injection, a cloudy solution was formed. Using air flotation, the organic solution was collected at the conical part of the designed cell. The optimized levels of effective parameters were found based on response surface methodology approach. Applying the optimized conditions to the system understudy, the limits of detection of all target analytes were obtained in the range of 1.4–7 ng mL?1, while the precisions were found to be in the range of 11.08–14.87 (RSD, n = 3). The linearity of the method lay in the range of 10–150 ng mL?1 with the coefficients of correlation (r 2 ) ranging from 0.998 to 0.999. 相似文献
87.
Hayam M. Lotfy Mamdouh R. Rezk Adel M. Michael Mostafa A. Shehata 《Chromatographia》2013,76(3-4):187-194
Accurate, sensitive, and precise high performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) methods were developed and validated for the determination of sumatriptan and zolmitriptan in presence of their degradation products. Sumatriptan was separated from its degradation products and analyzed on TLC silica gel 60 F254 plates using chloroform–ethyl acetate–methanol–ammonia (4:3:3:0.1, v/v) as a developing system followed by densitometric measurement of the bands at 228 nm. Zolmitriptan was determined using chloroform–ethyl acetate–methanol–ammonia (3:3:3:1, v/v) as a developing system followed by densitometric measurement at 222 nm. The methods were validated over a range of 0.5–4 μg/spot for sumatriptan and 0.5–3 μg/spot for zolmitriptan. The proposed methods were successfully applied for the determination of the studied drugs in bulk powder and in their pharmaceutical formulations. 相似文献
88.
Ali Ebrahimi Mostafa Habibi‐Khorassani Asiyeh Shahraki 《Photochemistry and photobiology》2013,89(1):74-82
Radical cationic repair process of cis–syn thymine dimer has been investigated when (1) sugar‐phosphate backbones were substituted by hydrogen atoms, (2) phosphate group was substituted by two hydrogen atoms each on a sugar ring and (3) sugar‐phosphate backbone was taken into account. The effect of the interactions between N1 and N1′ lone pairs and the C6‐C6′ antibonding orbital are the most important evidences for the cleavage of the C6‐C6′ bond in the first step of radical cationic repair mechanism in the absence of the sugar‐phosphate backbone. The impact of the N1 and N1′ lone pairs on the C6‐C6′ bond cleavage decreases and the energy barrier of the cleavage of that bond significantly increases in the presence of the deoxynucleoside sugars and the sugar‐phosphate backbone. 相似文献
89.
Rahman Hosseinzadeh Mahmood Tajbakhsh Maryam Mohadjerani Parizad Rezaei Mohammad Alikarami 《合成通讯》2013,43(17):3023-3031
An efficient synthesis of diaryl ethers by the copper-catalyzed arylation of phenols with a variety of aryl iodide susing KF/Al2O3 as a suitable base and CuI and 1,3 diphenyl-1,3 propandione as the catalyst is described. 相似文献
90.
Yousef Fazaeli Amir R. Jalilian Mostafa M. Amini Mohammadreza Aboudzadeh Shahzad Feizi Ali Rahiminezhad Kamran Yousefi 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2013,295(1):255-263
Cu-64 was produced via the 68Zn (p,αn)64Cu nuclear reaction (≈200 mCi, >95 % chemical yield at 180 μA for 1.1 h irradiation, (radionuclidic purity >96 %, copper-67 as impurity) followed by purification with amino functionalized nano magnetic oxide, Fe3O4 aiming to remove trace amount of heavy metal ions from aqueous media due to achieve ultra pure [64Cu] CuCl2 for labeling step. [64Cu] labeled 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(penta fluoro phenyl) porphyrin ([64Cu]-TFPP) was prepared using freshly prepared [64Cu] CuCl2 (Cu-64; T 1/2 = 12.7 h) and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(penta fluoro phenyl)porphyrin (H2TFPP) for 60 min at 100 °C under reflux condition (radiochemical purity: >97 % ITLC, >98 % HPLC, specific activity: 14–16 GBq/mmol). Stability of the complex was checked in final formulation and human serum for 24 h. The partition coefficient was calculated for the compound (log P = 0.73). The biodistribution of the labeled compound in vital organs of wild-type rats was studied using scarification studies and PET imaging up in 2 and 4 h after injection. A detailed comparative pharmacokinetic study performed for 64Cu cation and [64Cu]-TFPP. The complex is mostly washed out from the circulation through kidneys and liver and can be an interesting tumor imaging/targeting agent due to high specific uptake and rapid excretion through the urinary tract. 相似文献