Statistical causality,martingale problems and local uniqueness

The paper considers a statistical concept of causality in continuous time in the filtered probability spaces which is based on the Granger’s definition of causality. The given causality concept is then applied to the solution of the martingale problem (associated with the stochastic differential equation driven with semimartingales). More precisely, we show that the given causality concept is closely connected to the concept of extremality of measures for the solutions of the martingale problem, for the stopped martingale problem and for the local martingale problem. We also show the equivalence between some models of causality and local uniqueness (for the solutions of the martingale problem).     

Dynamics and stability of evolutionary optimal strategies in duopoly

Central European Journal of Operations Research - In this paper, we analyse the company behaviour in duopoly taking into account the most common strategies, including dominant, reactive,...     

The oak (Quercus brantii) acorn as a growth promotor for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): growth performance,body composition,liver enzymes activity and blood biochemical parameters

Abstract

Medicinal plants play an important role in aquaculture as feed additives. This study aimed to investigate effects of alcoholic extract of acorn on growth performance, body composition, digestive enzymes activity and blood biochemical parameters of rainbow trout (O. mykiss) as a commercially important fish. Five dietary treatments were supplemented: 100, 200, 400 and 600?mg.kg^?1 of the extract. Fishes were fed twice per day for 8?weeks, and results showed that acorn extract positively affected all investigated parameters in rainbow trout fishes. Digestive enzymes activity and growth performance were increased, while activity of liver enzymes and cortisol were lowed in comparison to control individuals. Body composition of treated animals was also enhanced. Comparison between treated groups together with integrative biomarker response (IBR) values indicated greatest effects in animals fed with 400 and 600?mg.kg^?1 of the extract. Positive effects of the acorn represent promising start point for further studies.     

Hydrogenation of poly(myrcene) and poly(farnesene) using diimide reduction at ambient pressure

Ambient pressure chemical hydrogenation using p-toluene sulfonyl hydrazide (TSH) via thermal diimide formation (N₂H₂) permitted reduction of double bonds of poly(myrcene) (poly[Myr]) and poly(farnesene) (poly[Far]). Both pendent and backbone double bonds in poly(Myr) (M_n = 56 kg/mol) and poly(Far) (M_n = 62 kg/mol) synthesized by conventional free radical polymerization were hydrogenated to almost completion. Furthermore, TSH semi-batch addition efficiently hydrogenated double bonds, while avoiding undesired autohydrogenation of diimides that occurred in batch mode. Thermal stability improved for hydrogenated poly(Myr) and poly(Far), where temperature at 10% weight loss (T_10%) increased from 188 to 404°C for poly(Myr) and from 310 to 379°C for poly(Far). T_gs of poly(Myr) and poly(Far) also increased by about 10–25°C, indicating increased stiffness after hydrogenation. Finally, viscosities of poly(Myr) and poly(Far) were also increased after hydrogenation, and a greater increase was observed for poly(Myr) (by two orders of magnitude from 10² to 10⁴ Pa s) due to its M_n being much higher than its entanglement molecular weight. Poly(Far) viscosity only increased by 1.5 times after hydrogenation (~10⁴ Pa s), comparable to the poly(Myr) after hydrogenation, suggesting unsaturated poly(Far) was more entangled than unsaturated poly(Myr) because of its longer side chains.     

Explicit extraction of absorption peak positions,widths and heights using higher order derivatives of total shape spectra by nonparametric processing of time signals as complex damped multi-exponentials

Sole lineshape estimation of non-parametrically computed higher-order derivatives of spectral envelopes in different modes (complex, real, imaginary, magnitude) is investigated. The processed time signals are sums of complex attenuated exponentials (harmonics). The peak parameters of the derivative spectra are directly connected to those of the customary (non-derivative) absorption lineshapes. Crucially, this permits the reconstruction of the latter from the former parameters (the latter are sought since they are unknown, whereas the former are extractable from the derivative envelopes). The cross-checking relationships of the lineshapes for the magnitude modes with the real and imaginary parts of the complex-valued envelopes (total shape spectra) are established. The explicit procedure and the necessary analytical expressions are presented for reconstruction of the exact locations, widths and heights of all the retrieved physical resonances (spectral peaks). These facets are illuminated in the derivative fast Padé transform (dFPT) using its non-parametric version, i.e. without solving the quantification problem (no polynomial rooting, no tackling of eigen-value problems, etc.). Two kinds of illustrations for derivative spectra are reported. One deals with the general Breit-Wigner resonance formula and its first three derivatives. The other is concerned with the dFPT in clinical diagnostics of relevance to breast cancer detection by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A systematic parallel between these two examples is drawn to highlight, in a stepwise manner, the role of paramount importance played by derivative lineshapes, especially for disentangling overlapping resonances that invariably plague all quantitative analyses of spectra.     

Excitation of Electronic States of CO in Radio-Frequency Electric Field by Electron Impact

Electron impact excitation rate coefficients for singlet and triplet electronic states of the carbon monoxide molecule have been calculated under non-equilibrium conditions in the presence of radio-frequency electric field. A Monte Carlo simulation of electron transport has been performed in order to determine non-equilibrium electron energy distribution functions within one period of applied electric field. By using these distribution functions and corresponding cross sections, the excitation rate coefficients have been calculated for all electronic states of CO in the frequency range from 13.56 up to 500 MHz, at reduced root mean square electric field values ranging from 200 to 700 Td. We expect these rates to be valuable for modeling radio-frequency CO plasmas since excited neutrals exhibit greater chemical reactivity than neutrals in ground electronic state, hence altering many properties of plasma.     

Development of cyclodextrin-based extract of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lotus corniculatus</Emphasis> as a potential substrate reduction therapy in mucopolysaccharidoses type III

A novel sustainable and eco-friendly procedure simultaneously combining the use of ultrasound irradiation and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) complexation was used to extract phytochemicals from Lotus corniculatus and to prepare flavonoid rich extract having potential as substrate reduction therapy of mucopolysaccharidosis type III (MPS III), a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder. For that instance, Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology was employed to statistically assess the influence of HPβCD concentration, ultrasonic power, and extraction time on the total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, total phenolic acids and radical scavenging activity (RSA) of the extracts prepared, chosen as the responses indicative of the product quality and performance. The potential of such optimised extract to modulate accumulation of gylcosoaminoglycans (GAGs) was evaluated on the fibroblast obtained from patients suffering from MPS type III. Optimized extract prepared by 45 min extraction using HPβCD at concentration of 20 mM and ultrasonic irradiation of 648 W was rich in flavonoids (1.36 mg/mL) and showed notable RSA of 1.04 mg/mL. Freeze-dried extract, at concentration of 3 and 6 µg/mL, reduced GAG levels in skin fibroblasts by 33.97 and 50.08%, respectively, without any toxic effects at given doses, showing a potential to be considered as a part of the substrate reduction therapy of MPS III.