Direct evaluation of limit states of heterogeneous materials under cyclic thermo-mechanical loadings

Classical shakedown theorems and their extensions to various material models rest on the temperature-independent coefficients. In this paper, the lower-bound of direct methods is extended to the application on the heterogeneous materials with temperature dependent yield strength and elastic modulus. Moreover, a numerical platform is developed, which makes the practical application more convenient and efficient. (© 2014 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)