1,1′‐(Ethenyl­idene)bis­(4‐chloro­benzene)

The title compound, C₁₄H₁₀Cl₂, crystallizes as colourless prisms with two symmetry‐independent mol­ecules in the unit cell. Numerous inter­molecular C—H⋯π inter­actions dominate in the crystal structure, where C—H⋯Cl and long Cl⋯Cl contacts are also observed.     

High throughput evaluation of the production of substituted acetylenes by the Sonogashira reaction followed by the Mizoroki-Heck reaction in ionic liquids, in situ, using a novel array reactor

The parallel Sonogashira coupling reaction was carried out under copper-free condition by integrating the advantages of ionic liquids as the reaction media followed by the simultaneous-multiple Mizoroki-Heck reaction in situ by the use of a novel array reactor (SynArray-24). The device provides rapid evaluation of reactions in a short period.     

Influence of Electrolytes on the Micellar Growth of Amphiphilic Drug Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride

The effect of electrolytes on the micellar behavior of an amphiphilic drug, chlorpromazine (CPZ) hydrochloride, was studied using cloud point (CP) and dye solubilization techniques. In the presence of KBr, increase in pH led to decrease in the CP of 50 mmol·L_-1 drug solution (prepared in 10 mmol·L_-1 sodium phosphate (SP) buffer) because of deprotonation of drug molecules at high pH. The visible absorbance increased (due to dye solubilization) with the increase in pH from 6.5 to 6.9, which indicated micellar growth. At fixed pH (6.7), addition of inorganic salts (KF, KCl, and KBr) to drug solutions (50 mmol·L_-1) caused an increase in the CP as well as in the visible absorbance, with effectiveness being in the order: F_- < Cl_- < Br_-. The results were discussed on the basis of counter-ion binding and their effect toward micellar growth. Cations (co-ions) also led to an increase in the CP (and also the visible absorbance), with their effectiveness order being Li₊ > Na₊ > K₊, which was explained by considering cognizance of their hydrated radii. Compared with anions, their effect was small. Increase in [CPZ] caused micellar growth and hence the CP as well as the visible absorbance increased. The overall behavior was discussed in terms of electrostatic interactions and micellar growth.     

Preconcentration of trace lead by adsorption onto a tantalum wire for electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry with a tungsten tube atomizer

A preconcentration method of lead in waters by adsorption on a tantalum wire was developed for electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry with a tungsten tube atomizer. After the preconcentration, the tantalum wire was directly inserted into the tungsten tube atomizer. In the preconcentration (adsorption) process for lead, the optimal immersing time was 90 s and the best pH was 4. Under the optimal conditions, the detection limit for lead by the tantalum wire preconcentration method was 6.0 pg mL^− 1 (3S/N) and the relative standard deviation was 6.1%. The influences of large amounts of concomitants on the preconcentration of lead were evaluated. Even though 10³ to 10⁴-fold excess of matrix elements existed in aqueous solution, the lead absorption signal was not significantly affected by the matrix elements. The method with preconcentration on a tantalum wire was applied to the determination of lead in river waters and proved to be sensitive, simple, and convenient. Because this preconcentration method can be utilized in the in-situ treatment of trace lead in environmental water samples, it was unnecessary to carry the water samples to the analytical work place. The present technique was shown to be useful for the determination of lead in environmental water samples at 0.1−1 μg L^− 1.     

2H and 13C NMR spectra of deuterated adamantan-2-ols

The composition of a mixture of adamantan-2-ol and its two epimeric 4-deuterio derivatives was determined by ²H NMR spectroscopy with the aid of Eu(fod)₃. In addition, unambiguous assignments of the two H-4 signals and the two δ carbon signals were possible; these assignments had previously been speculative.     

Nanoflow system for perfect regiocontrol in the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation by aqueous hydrogen peroxide using lowest concentration of a fluorous lanthanide catalyst

The scandium bis(perfluorooctanesulfonyl)amide-catalyzed Baeyer-Villiger reaction significantly increased the regioselectivity as well as the reaction rate by nanoflow system continuously controlled by a nanofeeder even in the lowest concentration of the catalyst (?0.1 mol %). The Baeyer-Villiger reaction completed within few seconds as a contact time in the microcell to afford the lactone products high regioselectively without hydrolysis.     

Isomeric yield ratios in the photoproduction of 52m,gMn from natural iron using 50-, 60-, 70-MeV, and 2.5-GeV bremsstrahlung

The isomeric yield ratios for the ^natFe(γ,xn1p)^52m,gMn reactions have been measured by the activation and the γ-ray spectroscopic methods at 50-, 60-, 70-MeV, and 2.5-GeV bremsstrahlung energies. The high purity natural iron foils in disc shape were irradiated with uncollimated bremsstrahlung beams of the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory. The induced activities in the irradiated foils were measured by the high-resolution γ-ray spectrometry with a calibrated high-purity Germanium (HPGe) detector. In order to improve the accuracy of the experimental results the necessary corrections were made in the gamma activity measurements and data analysis. The obtained isomeric yield ratios for the ^natFe(γ,xn1p)^52m,gMn reactions at 50-, 60-, 70-MeV, and 2.5-GeV bremsstrahlung energies are 0.27 ± 0.03, 0.33 ± 0.04, 0.34 ± 0.04, and 1.25 ± 0.15, respectively. The present results at 50-, 60-MeV, and 2.5-GeV bremsstrahlung energies are the first measurements. We found that the isomeric yield ratio of the ^natFe(γ,xn1p)^52m,gMn reaction depends on the incident bremsstrahlung energy and the mass difference between the product and the target nucleus when we compared the present results with other experimental data at different energies.     

Measurement of isomeric yield ratios for the <Superscript>110</Superscript>Pd(γ,n)<Superscript>109m,g</Superscript>Pd reaction

We measured the isomeric yield ratios for the ¹¹⁰Pd(γ,n)^109m,gPd reaction by the activation method with the bremsstrahlung endpoint energies of 50-, 55-, 60-, 65-, and 70-MeV generated from an electron linear accelerator of Pohang accelerator laboratory. The induced γ-activities of the irradiated palladium foils were measured by a coaxial high purity germanium detector coupled to a PC-based multi-channel analyzer. The necessary corrections were made to improve the accuracy of the γ-activity measurements. The present experimental results measured with bremsstrahlung endpoint energies of 50-, 55-, 60-, 65-, and 70-MeV are 0.108 ± 0.007; 0.118 ± 0.008; 0.118 ± 0.007; 0.120 ± 0.008; 0.119 ± 0.008, respectively. The obtained results are compared with those existing in literature.     

Chemical-genetic profile analysis of five inhibitory compounds in yeast

Background  

Chemical-genetic profiling of inhibitory compounds can lead to identification of their modes of action. These profiles can help elucidate the complex interactions between small bioactive compounds and the cell machinery, and explain putative gene function(s).