Structure of mildiomycin,a new antifungal nucleoside antibiotic

The chemical structure of mildiomycin (1) active against powdery mildews was determined by chemical degradations and physical analyses to be 2 - [(2R, 5S, 6S) - 2 - (4 - amino - 1,2 - dihydro - 5 - hydroxymethyl - 2 -oxopyrimidin -1 - yl) - 5,6 - dihydro - 5 - L - serylamino - 2H - pyran - 6 - yl] - 5 - (3H⁺ - guanidino) - 2,4 -dihydroxyvalerate as shown in Chart 1.¹     

Five new diterpenoids, viteagnusins A--E, from the fruit of Vitex agnus-castus

Two new halimane-type diterpenoids, viteagnusins A and B, and three new labdane-type diterpenoids, viteagnusins C, D, and E, were isolated from the fruit of Vitex agnus-castus L. (Chasteberry, Verbenaceae) along with two known diterpenoids. Their chemical structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data.     

Duality of Non-Homogeneous Central Herz-Morrey-Musielak-Orlicz Spaces

We determine the associate space of non-homogeneous central Herz-Morrey-Musielak-Orlicz space \(\mathcal {H}^{\Phi ,q,\omega }(\textbf {R}^{N})\). We also determine the associate spaces of the space \(\underline {\mathcal {H}}^{\Phi ,q,\omega }(\textbf {R}^{N})\) and its complementary space \(\overline {\mathcal {H}}^{\Phi ,q,\omega }(\textbf {R}^{N})\).     

Approximate identities and Young type inequalities in Musielak-Orlicz spaces

We discuss the convergence of approximate identities in Musielak-Orlicz spaces extending the results given by Cruz-Uribe and Fiorenza (2007) and the authors F.-Y. Maeda, Y. Mizuta and T. Ohno (2010). As in these papers, we treat the case where the approximate identity is of potential type and the case where the approximate identity is defined by a function of compact support. We also give a Young type inequality for convolution with respect to the norm in Musielak-Orlicz spaces.     

Time-resolved Fourier-transform and continuous-wave ESR studies on photo-initiated polymerization

Radical polymerization of vinyl monomers as initiated by the diphenylphosphinoyl (DPO) radical which is formed by the photo-cleavage of 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl diphenylphosphine oxide (TMDPO) was investigated by continuous-wave electron spin resonance (cw ESR) and Fourier-transform (FT) ESR. Well-resolved hyperfine structures (hfs’s) of the starting radicals were observed by the time-resolved cw ESR for vinyl acetate, ethyl vinyl ether, styrene, methyl methacrylate (MMA), and isoprene. The rates of formation and the spin-lattice relaxation were determined by time-resolved FT ESR for these starting radicals. In the polymerization of MMA and isoprene the primary propagating radicals were found for the first time by the observation of their well-resolved hfs’s with timeresolved cw ESR. On the basis of the kinetic analysis including the spin-lattice relaxation, the rates of formation and the spin-lattice relaxation were determined by simulation of the time profile of FT ESR for the primary propagating radicals of MMA and isoprene. The rate of the primary propagating step was found to be by two orders greater than an average value of whole propagating steps as obtained by a steady-state measurement.     

Luminescence quantum efficiency of Mn2+ states in ZnS as studied by photoacoustic spectroscopy

Photoacoustic spectroscopy is employed to determine the luminescence quantum efficiency of Mn²⁺ in ZnS. Three spectra, photoacoustic spectrum, luminescence excitation spectrum and absorption spectrum, are compared. It is observed that the photoacoustic spectrum and the excitation spectrum behave complementarily. Radiative quantum efficiencies of the five excited states for Mn²⁺ have been determined.