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61.
Rodrigo París José Luis de la Fuente 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2007,45(16):3538-3549
Different diblock copolymers constituted by one segment of a monomer supporting a reactive functional group, like allyl methacrylate (AMA), were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Bromo‐terminated polymers, like polystyrene (PS), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA) were employed as macroinitiators to form the other blocks. Copolymerizations were carried out using copper chloride with N,N,N′,N″,N″‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) as the catalyst system in benzonitrile solution at 70 °C. At the early stage, the ATRP copolymerizations yielded well‐defined linear block copolymers. However, with the polymerization progress a change in the macromolecular architecture takes place due to the secondary reactions caused by the allylic groups, passing to a branched and/or star‐shaped structure until finally yielding gel at monomer conversion around 40% or higher. The block copolymers were characterized by means of size exclusion chromatography (SEC), 1H NMR spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In addition, one of these copolymers, specifically P(BA‐b‐AMA), was satisfactorily modified through osmylation reaction to obtain the subsequent amphiphilic diblock copolymer of P(BA‐b‐DHPMA), where DHPMA is 2,3‐dihydroxypropyl methacrylate; demonstrating the feasibility of side‐chain modification of the functional obtained copolymers. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 3538–3549, 2007 相似文献
62.
We consider the isothermal flow through a cylindrical flat chamber, a model of some particular heat exchanger, for which LDV measurements and a numerical simulation have been performed. Experimental results show the establishment of an important vortex zone, the secondary flow extending all along the chamber radius. This observation leads to an expected significant increase of the fluid mixing. Results issued from the numerical simulation appear to be in close agreement with experimental data. Nevertheless, the k–ε model used here must be improved to obtain a better approach near the vortex centre. To cite this article: S. Petitot et al., C. R. Mecanique 330 (2002) 593–599. 相似文献
63.
In this Note, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for Lagrangians in a symplectic vector bundle to be deformed stably into transversal Lagrangians. In the case of three Lagrangians, we show that the associated Grothendieck group can be identified with a Hermitian K-theory group. To cite this article: M. Karoubi, M.L. Lapa de Souza, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 342 (2006). 相似文献
64.
Maria Chudnovsky Jim Geelen Bert Gerards Luis Goddyn Michael Lohman Paul Seymour 《Combinatorica》2006,26(5):521-532
Let G=(V,E) be an oriented graph whose edges are labelled by the elements of a group Γ and let A⊂V. An A-path is a path whose ends are both in A. The weight of a path P in G is the sum of the group values on forward oriented arcs minus the sum of the backward oriented arcs in P. (If Γ is not abelian, we sum the labels in their order along the path.) We are interested in the maximum number of vertex-disjoint
A-paths each of non-zero weight. When A = V this problem is equivalent to the maximum matching problem. The general case also includes Mader's S-paths problem. We prove that for any positive integer k, either there are k vertex-disjoint A-paths each of non-zero weight, or there is a set of at most 2k −2 vertices that meets each of the non-zero A-paths. This result is obtained as a consequence of an exact min-max theorem.
These results were obtained at a workshop on Structural Graph Theory at the PIMS Institute in Vancouver, Canada. This research
was partially conducted during the period the first author served as a Clay Mathematics Institute Long-Term Prize Fellow. 相似文献
65.
Maria Conceição A. Silva Portela Emmanuel Thanassoulis 《Annals of Operations Research》2006,145(1):129-147
This paper re-assesses three independently developed approaches that are aimed at solving the problem of zero-weights or non-zero
slacks in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The methods are weights restricted, non-radial and extended facet DEA models. Weights
restricted DEA models are dual to envelopment DEA models with restrictions on the dual variables (DEA weights) aimed at avoiding
zero values for those weights; non-radial DEA models are envelopment models which avoid non-zero slacks in the input-output
constraints. Finally, extended facet DEA models recognize that only projections on facets of full dimension correspond to
well defined rates of substitution/transformation between all inputs/outputs which in turn correspond to non-zero weights
in the multiplier version of the DEA model. We demonstrate how these methods are equivalent, not only in their aim but also
in the solutions they yield. In addition, we show that the aforementioned methods modify the production frontier by extending
existing facets or creating unobserved facets. Further we propose a new approach that uses weight restrictions to extend existing
facets. This approach has some advantages in computational terms, because extended facet models normally make use of mixed
integer programming models, which are computationally demanding. 相似文献
66.
Modulated
DSC for gas hydrates analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
C. Giavarini F. Maccioni Maria Laura Santarelli 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2006,84(2):419-424
Modulated DSC has been applied to the study of methane,
ethane and propane hydrates at different hydrate and ice concentrations. The
reversing component of the TMDSC curves, makes it possible to characterize
such hydrates.
Methane and ethane hydrates show the melting-decomposition
peak at a temperatures higher than the ice contained in the sample, while
propane hydrate melts and decomposes at lower temperature than the ice present
in the sample. The hydrate peaks tend to disappear if the hydrate is stored
at atmospheric pressure. Guest size and cavity occupation fix the heat of
dissociation and stability of the hydrates, as confirmed by parallel tests
on tetrahydrofurane hydrates. 相似文献
67.
Girard V Farrenq R Sorokin E Sorokina IT Guelachvili G Picqué N 《Chemical physics letters》2006,419(4-6):584-588
The spectral dynamics of a mid-infrared multimode Cr(2+):ZnSe laser located in a vacuum sealed chamber containing acetylene at low pressure is analyzed by a stepping-mode high-resolution time-resolved Fourier transform interferometer. Doppler-limited absorption spectra of C(2)H(2) in natural isotopic abundance are recorded around 4000 cm(-1) with kilometric absorption path lengths and sensitivities better than 3 10(-8) cm(-1). Two cold bands are newly identified and assigned to the ν(1)+ν(4) (1) and ν(3)+ν(5) (1) transitions of (12)C(13)CH(2). The ν(1)+ν(5) (1) band of (12)C(2)HD and fourteen (12)C(2)H(2) bands are observed, among which for the first time ν(2)+2ν(4) (2)+ν(5) (-1). 相似文献
68.
Maria Mamalui Chien-Yueh Huang 《Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures》2004,22(4):912-920
We present the theoretical study of the effect of external random field characterized by a Gaussian probability distribution function on the continuous phonon spectrum of one-dimensional (1D) chain, based on the Jacobian matrix method. The cumulative effect of the random field and simple isotopic defect is studied analytically and numerically. The Gaussian random field removes a square-root divergence appearing in the phonon spectrum of ideal 1D chain. The impurity phonon DOS shows strong dependence on the variance and the mean of the random field and exhibits very different behavior from the non-random case: the continuous spectrum is expanded and the δ-peak, describing discrete impurity vibrations in the non-random chain with the impurity, falls into a continuous zone. 相似文献
69.
CuPc molecules adsorbed on Au(1 1 0)-(1 × 2): growth morphology and evolution of valence band states
Fabrizio Evangelista A. RuoccoValdis Corradini M.P. DonzelloCarlo Mariani Maria Grazia Betti 《Surface science》2003,531(2):123-130
We present the growth morphology, the long-range ordering, and the evolution of the valence band electronic states of ultrathin films of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) deposited on the Au(1 1 0)-(1 × 2) reconstructed surface, as a function of the organic molecule coverage. The low energy electron diffraction patterns present a (5 × 3) reconstruction from the early adsorption stages. High-resolution UV photoelectron spectroscopy data show the disappearance of the Au surface states related to the (1 × 2) reconstruction, and the presence of new electronic features related to the molecule-substrate interaction and to the CuPc molecular states. The CuPc highest occupied molecular orbital gradually emerges in the valence band, while the interface electronic states are quenched, upon increasing the coverage. 相似文献
70.