1,3-dihalo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin/NaNO2 as an efficient heterogeneous system for the N-nitrosation of N,N-dialkylamines under mild conditions

A combination of 1,3-dihalo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (X = Br, Cl) and sodium nitrite in the presence of wet SiO₂ was used as an effective nitrosating agent for the nitrosation of N,N-dialkyl amines to their corresponding nitroso derivatives under mild and heterogeneous conditions in good to excellent yields.     

Character of the thermal motion of water molecules according to the data on quasielastic incoherent scattering of slow neutrons

The paper discusses the applicability of quasi-crystalline approximation to describing the thermal motion of water molecules in their normal and supercooled states. The problem is subjected to the critical analysis of experimental data on incoherent scattering of slow neutrons based on theories developed by Singwi-Sjolander [1] and Oskotsky [2] modified to duly take into account the limited applicability range of diffusion approximation. The applicability conditions of quasi-crystalline approximation are shown to be consistently satisfied only when water is in supercooled state and within a narrow temperature range above the melting temperature.     

Lagrangian for the t–J Model Constructed from the Generators of the Supersymmetric Hubbard Algebra

In order to describe the dynamics of the t–J model, two different families of first-order Lagrangians in terms of the generators of the Hubbard algebra are found. Such families correspond to different dynamical second-class constrained systems. The quantization is carried out by using the path-integral formalism. In this context the introduction of proper ghost fields is needed to render the model renormalizable. In each case the standard Feynman diagrammatics is obtained and the renormalized physical quantities are computed and analyzed. In the first case a nonperturbative large-N expansion is considered with the purpose of studying the generalized Hubbard model describing N-fold-degenerate correlated bands. In this case the 1/N correction to the renormalized boson propagator is computed. In the second case the perturbative Lagrangian formalism is developed and it is shown how propagators and vertices can be renormalized to each order. In particular, the renormalized ferromagnetic magnon propagator coming from our formalism is studied in details. As an example the thermal softening of the magnon frequency is computed. The antiferromagnetic case is also analyzed, and the results are confronted with previous one obtained by means of the spin-polaron theories.     

Effect of phonon scattering from neutral and charged impurity centers on the lattice heat conductivity of PbTe:(Tl, Na)

Experimental data on the effect of thallium and sodium impurities on the lattice heat conductivity of PbTe at room temperature are reported. Because the lattice of lead chalcogenides is strongly polarized near charged impurities, the effect of impurities on the lattice heat conductivity depends substantially on their charge state. This property of the material has been used to determine the charge state of the thallium impurity in PbTe. The results obtained argue for a model of quasi-local thallium-impurity states which assumes low electron-correlation energy at an impurity center. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 40, 1206–1208 (July 1998)     

Electron as the eigenstate of curvilinear space with torsion

Ideas previously enunciated by the author about the physical interpretation of curvilinear space with torsion are developed. With the new equations describing the eigenstates of such a space, the static centrosymmetric solution for gravitational and electric fields can be made consistent with the Newton and Coulomb laws. The asymptotic behavior of the axisymmetric solution at infinity is studied. The gyromagnetic ratio obtained is characteristic of the electron. Ural State University. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 5, p. 56–60, May, 1998.     

Orthogonal modules and nonlinear cohomologies

Ordinary cohomologies in an algebra most often exhibit themselves either as objects that describe extensions (of algebras, groups, or modules) or as subjects hindering the existence of algebraic constructions. We introduce the notion of nonlinear cohomologies at a level of cochain complexes, furnish particular examples for Lie algebras, and give an interpretation of first nonlinear cohomologies in terms of “quasiextensions” of orthogonal modules. Translated fromAlgebra i Logika, Vol. 37, No. 5, pp. 522–541, September–October, 1998.     

Thermal gradient induced sidebranching in directional solidification

The polycrystalline perovskitelike manganese oxides La_1-xA_xMnO (A = Na, and K, ) have been fabricated by sol-gel technique. For all the compositions explored in this work, the average manganese oxidation state is practically constant, at for A = Na, and for A = K, respectively. A close relationship is confirmed to hold between the Curie temperature (T_c) and the bond distance of Mn-O. Results of magnetic measurements show that these materials can be utilized as suitable candidates for magnetic refrigerants with wide applied temperature span, for their significant entropy change and the easily tuned Curie temperature. Received: 12 September 1997 / Revised: 18 December 1997 / Accepted: 21 January 1998     

Loss and non-linearity saturation effects on the bistability of non-linear distributed feedback structures

We investigate theoretically the effects of optical absorption and saturation of the non-linear index of refraction on the bistability of non-linear distributed feedback structures (NLDFBs). By assuming that the Kerr non-linearity saturates in an exponential fashion, we obtain for the first time closed-form expressions for the so-called self-phase and cross-phase modulation terms. Our investigation shows that both absorption and, in particular, saturation significantly affect the bistable properties of this structure and in many cases eliminate this response completely. In some cases, however, saturation alters the NLDFB's transfer characteristics in a potentially useful manner. We find that weak levels of saturation may increase the contrast ratio between the intensities of the high and low bistable states. At increasing levels of saturation, where bistability is no longer observed, we find regimes where the NLDFB structure could possibly be used for optical amplification. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mössbauer study of Martian regolith analogues

Terrestrial basalt rocks considered to be a good analogues of the Martian regolith were studied by using the Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The weathering of basalts was followed by the changes of the Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ ratio. The basalt rock undergoes alteration from primary mineral composition (olivine+pyroxene+plagioclase) through smectite to kaolinite clay with oxides and hydroxides with the increase of the Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ ratio.     

Interactions between the components in isotactic polypropylene blended with EPDM

The interaction of isotactic polypropylene with ethylene propylene diene terpolymer in their blends has been investigated by use of differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, wide- and small-angle x-ray scattering, and by investigating the nucleation and kinetics of crystallization of the iPP component under the polarization microscope. It is found, that the dispersion of the EPDM component in the iPP matrix is dependent on blend composition and is maximal at 10% EPDM content. An interface layer between the two components is formed by migration of iPP molecules into the EPDM phase. A model for this interface is proposed.