全文获取类型
收费全文 | 525篇 |
免费 | 17篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 313篇 |
晶体学 | 1篇 |
力学 | 11篇 |
数学 | 117篇 |
物理学 | 101篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 4篇 |
2022年 | 4篇 |
2021年 | 8篇 |
2020年 | 2篇 |
2019年 | 11篇 |
2018年 | 8篇 |
2017年 | 5篇 |
2016年 | 13篇 |
2015年 | 26篇 |
2014年 | 15篇 |
2013年 | 37篇 |
2012年 | 32篇 |
2011年 | 37篇 |
2010年 | 12篇 |
2009年 | 19篇 |
2008年 | 18篇 |
2007年 | 32篇 |
2006年 | 34篇 |
2005年 | 29篇 |
2004年 | 30篇 |
2003年 | 25篇 |
2002年 | 18篇 |
2001年 | 6篇 |
2000年 | 4篇 |
1999年 | 7篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 10篇 |
1996年 | 5篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 7篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 11篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 8篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
1962年 | 1篇 |
1961年 | 1篇 |
1906年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有543条查询结果,搜索用时 265 毫秒
31.
André L. Santos Regina M. Takeuchi Rodrigo A. A. Muñoz Lúcio Angnes Nelson R. Stradiotto 《Electroanalysis》2014,26(2):233-242
This article critically reviews the electroanalytical methods devoted for the determination of organic compounds in automotive fuels that can range from contaminants to additives typically introduced into liquid biofuels and liquid fossil fuels. Contaminants such as aldehydes and ketones in bioethanol, free fatty acids and glycerol in biodiesel, and sulfur and nitrogen organic compounds in gasoline and diesel fuel, and additives such as colour markers and antioxidants added to fuels were determined by electroanalytical methods. Special focus is given to electrodes, electrochemical techniques, and sample preparation strategies. Future directions of research on electroanalysis of liquid fuels are presented. 相似文献
32.
The Compressibility of pH‐Sensitive Microgels at the Oil–Water Interface: Higher Charge Leads to Less Repulsion 下载免费PDF全文
Dipl.‐Chem. Karen Geisel Prof. Dr. Lucio Isa Prof. Dr. Walter Richtering 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2014,53(19):4905-4909
pH‐responsive microgels are unique stabilizers for stimuli‐sensitive emulsions that can be broken on demand by changing the pH value. However, recent experiments have indicated that electrostatic interactions play a different role to that in conventional Pickering emulsions. The influence of charges on the interactions between microgels at the oil–water interface is now described. Compression isotherms of microgels with different charge density and architecture were determined in a Langmuir trough, and counter‐intuitive results were obtained: Charged microgels can be compressed more easily than uncharged microgels. The compressibility of microgels is thus not determined by direct Coulomb repulsion. Instead, the different swelling of the microgels in the charged and the uncharged states is proposed to be the key parameter. 相似文献
33.
Dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) enables high‐sensitivity solution‐phase NMR experiments on long‐lived nuclear spin species such as 15N and 13C. This report explores certain features arising in solution‐state 1H NMR upon polarizing low‐γ nuclear species. Following solid‐state hyperpolarization of both 13C and 1H, solution‐phase 1H NMR experiments on dissolved samples revealed transient effects, whereby peaks arising from protons bonded to the naturally occurring 13C nuclei appeared larger than the typically dominant 12C‐bonded 1H resonances. This enhancement of the satellite peaks was examined in detail with respect to a variety of mechanisms that could potentially explain this observation. Both two‐ and three‐spin phenomena active in the solid state could lead to this kind of effect; still, experimental observations revealed that the enhancement originates from 13C→1H polarization‐transfer processes active in the liquid state. Kinetic equations based on modified heteronuclear cross‐relaxation models were examined, and found to well describe the distinct patterns of growth and decay shown by the 13C‐bound 1H NMR satellite resonances. The dynamics of these novel cross‐relaxation phenomena were determined, and their potential usefulness as tools for investigating hyperpolarized ensembles and for obtaining enhanced‐sensitivity 1H NMR traces was explored. 相似文献
34.
Carlos Eduardo Barão Leandro Daniel de Paris João Henrique Dantas Matheus Mendonça Pereira Lucio Cardozo Filho Heizir Ferreira de Castro Gisella Maria Zanin Flavio Faria de Moraes Cleide Mara Faria Soares 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2014,172(1):263-274
The use of lipases in industrial processes can result in products with high levels of purity and at the same time reduce pollutant generation and improve both selectivity and yields. In this work, lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus was immobilized using two different techniques. The first involves the hydrolysis/polycondensation of a silica precursor (tetramethoxysilane (TMOS)) at neutral pH and ambient temperature, and the second one uses tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the silica precursor, involving the hydrolysis and polycondensation of the alkoxide in appropriate solvents. After immobilization, the enzymatic preparations were dried using the aerogel and xerogel techniques and then characterized in terms of their hydrolytic activities using a titrimetric method with olive oil and by the formation of 2-phenylethyl acetate in a transesterification reaction. The morphological properties of the materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, measurements of the surface area and pore size and volume, thermogravimetric analysis, and exploratory differential calorimetry. The results of the work indicate that the use of different silica precursors (TEOS or TMOS) and different drying techniques (aerogel or xerogel) can significantly affect the properties of the resulting biocatalyst. Drying with supercritical CO2 provided higher enzymatic activities and pore sizes and was therefore preferable to drying, using the xerogel technique. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry analyses revealed differences in behavior between the two biocatalyst preparations due to the compounds present. 相似文献
35.
The static dielectric properties of (001)(GaAs)(p)/(AlAs)(p) superlattices have been calculated as a function of their period p for 1< or = p < or =12, starting from density-functional theory. The interplay between quantum confinement and local field effects is shown to be crucial. For light polarized in the growth direction it leads to the otherwise surprising justification of the use of a classical effective medium theory, even for the smallest periods. Only the inclusion of both contributions allows in ab initio and in semiempirical calculations to reproduce the experimentally observed birefringence. 相似文献
36.
Alberto Andreussi Lucio Bianco Salvatore Ricciardelli 《European Journal of Operational Research》1981,8(4):345-354
The objective of this study is the development of a simulation model to assist in aircraft sequencing operations in the terminal area. After the definition of the main characteristics of the model, a general structure of a terminal area is considered with a variable number of feeder fixes and alternative paths from the fixes to the runways. The model is designed so as to evaluate different operating policies. A discrete events simulation philosophy, using Fortran as simulation language, is employed. Finally a model application to the Rome terminal area is illustrated. The results obtained show that the model, here presented, is general enough to simulate the terminal area behaviour of any airport. 相似文献
37.
38.
Mishkovsky M Frydman L 《Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)》2005,173(2):344-350
A new protocol for processing the data arising in ultrafast 2D NMR is discussed and exemplified, based on the interlaced Fourier transformation. This approach is capable of dealing in a single, combined fashion, with the two mirror-imaged interferograms arising in this kind of experiment as a result of the acquisition of a train of magnetic field gradient echoes. By combining all the acquired data points into a common Fourier processing procedure the spectral width along the direct-acquisition domain becomes effectively doubled, giving the opportunity of employing acquisition gradients that are approximately half as strong as hitherto required. This in turn should lead to an overall enhancement in the signal-to-noise ratio of the experiment of ca. 2, as well as to improvements in the achievable digital resolution. These expectations were tested by carrying out a series of homo- and heteronuclear ultrafast 2D NMR acquisitions, and found systematically fulfilled. The robustness and conditions that allow the interlaced numerical procedure to be implemented in routine analytical applications were explored and are briefly discussed. 相似文献
39.
Shapira B Karton A Aronzon D Frydman L 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2004,126(4):1262-1265
We have recently proposed and demonstrated an approach that enables the acquisition of multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra within a single scan. A promising application opened up by this new accelerated form of data acquisition concerns the possibility of monitoring in real time the chemical nature of analytes subject to a continuous flow. The present paper illustrates such potential, with the real-time acquisition of a series of 2D 1H NMR spectra arising from a mixture of compounds subject to a continuous liquid chromatography (LC) separation. This real-time 2D NMR identification of chemicals eluted minutes apart under usual LC-NMR conditions differs from the way in which LC-2D NMR has hitherto been carried out, which relies on stopped-flow modes of operations whereby fractions are first collected and then subject to individual, aliquot-by-aliquot analyses. The real-time LC-2D NMR experiment hereby introduced can be implemented in a straightforward manner using modern commercial LC-NMR hardware, thus opening up immediate possibilities in high-throughput characterizations of complex molecules. 相似文献
40.
We consider a finite-range spin glass model in arbitrary dimension, where the strength of the two-body coupling decays to zero over some distance gamma(-1). We show that, under mild assumptions on the interaction potential, the infinite-volume free energy of the system converges to that of the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick one, in the Kac limit gamma-->0. This could be a first step toward an expansion around mean-field theory, for spin glass systems. 相似文献