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Abstract Lac is the only known natural resin of animal origin. It is the secretion of a tiny insect known as Kerriar lacca (formally called Laceifer lacca). The lac-forming tiny insect grows on some types of trees, mostly abundant in tropical countries, including India. The secretion of the lac insect hardens in air and forms a covering on the body of the insect. This covering or the nest forms a continuous incrustation on the branches of the host trees. Lac is collected by scraping the incrustation from the branches of the trees. 相似文献
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In the Reznitskaya transform combining the solutions of some general linear partial differential equations of hyperbolic type and parabolic type, isometrical identities and inversion formulas are established. Furthermore, stability of Lipschitz type in the determination of initial heat distribution is given as an application. 相似文献
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Professional voice users often present to otolaryngologists and laryngologists with specific voice complaints. The contributions of pathologic lesions to the patients' vocal complaints are not always clear on examination, and often, premorbid examinations of the larynx are not available for review. This study examines the incidence of laryngeal pathology among singing teachers. At a national convention of singing teachers, volunteers were recruited for a "free strobovideolaryngoscopic examination." All volunteers completed a detailed questionnaire of their vocal and medical history and underwent strobovideolaryngoscopic examination. Strobovideolaryngoscopic examinations were completed in 20 volunteers, 7 of whom had voice complaints and 13 of whom perceived their voices to be normal. Vocal fold masses were common among the asymptomatic singing teachers. Evidence of reflux laryngitis was a common finding among both symptomatic and asymptomatic singing teachers. Asymmetries in vocal fold hypomobility were more common among those with voice complaints than was the presence of vocal fold masses in the population studied. 相似文献
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Jonas T. Johnson MD Editor John K. Niparko MD Editor-in-Chief Paul A. Levine MD Editor David W. Kennedy MD Editor Susan F. Rudy MSN CRNP CORLN Editor-in-Chief Pete Weber MD Editor-in-Chief Randal S. Weber MD Editor Michael S. Benninger MD Past Editor-in-Chief Richard M. Rosenfeld MD MPH Editor-in-Chief Robert J. Ruben MD Editor-in-Chief Richard J.H. Smith MD Editor-in-Chief Robert Thayer Sataloff MD DMA Editor-in-Chief Neil Weir MA FRCS Editor Emeritus 《Journal of voice》2006,20(4):485-486
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M. Ghoreishi A. I. B. MD. Ismail A. K. Alomari 《Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences》2011,34(15):1833-1842
This paper presents general framework for solving the nth‐order integro‐differential equation using homotopy analysis method (HAM) and optimal homotopy asymptotic method (OHAM). OHAM is parameter free and can provide better accuracy over the HAM at the same order of approximation. Furthermore, in OHAM the convergence region can be easily adjusted and controlled. Comparison, via two examples, between our solution using HAM and OHAM and the exact solution shows that the HAM and the OHAM are effective and accurate in solving the nth‐order integro‐differential equation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Bernhard Richter MD Erwin Lhle Bettina Knapp Matthias Weikert Josef Schlmicher-Thier Katherine Verdolini 《Journal of voice》2002,16(1):72-80
Objective, quantitative information is lacking in the medical community about actual working conditions for professional singers onstage, and moreover, about which conditions are safe. Physicians, speech-language pathologists, and speech scientists focusing on laryngology should have relevant information about the opera as workplace and the medical sequelae of unhealthy environments. We describe five toxic substances to which singers presenting to our clinics were exposed while working professionally on the opera stage: (1) aromatic diisocyanates, (2) penicillium frequentans in cork granulate, (3) formaldehyde in cork granulate, (4) cobalt and aluminum (pigment components), and (5) quartz sand capable of entering the alveolae. Biological considerations and clinical data for some subjects suggest a direct causal link between the exposures and the patients' complaints and findings. Our observations suggest that whenever singers complain about deleterious conditions such as dry and hot onstage climate or suspicion of the presence of harmful substances, the specific conditions existing in the theater in question should be investigated. Harmful substances are not only poorly tolerated by singers, but also they should be preventable. 相似文献