One new triterpenoid saponin from Lysimachia davurica

One new saponin named davuricoside N (1) was isolated from the whole plants of Lysimachia davurica, the structure was determined by 1D and 2D NMR, ESI-MS techniques, and chemical methods.     

Organic Electrochemical Transistor Based on Hydrophobic Polymer Tuned by Ionic Gels

Hydrophobic conjugated polymers have poor ionic transport property, so hydrophilic side chains are often grafted for their application as organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs). However, this modification lowers their charge transport ability. Here, an ionic gel interfacial layer is applied to improve the ionic transport while retaining the charge transport ability of the polymers. By using the ionic gels comprising gel matrix and ionic liquids as the interfacial layers, the hydrophobic polymer achieves the OECT feature with high transconductance, low threshold voltage, high current on/off ratio, short switching time, and high operational stability. The working mechanism is also revealed. Moreover, the OECT performance can be tuned by varying the types and ratios of ionic gels. With the proposed ionic gel strategy, OECTs can be effectively realized with hydrophobic conjugated polymers.     

Speciation of Arsenic in Rice by Ion Chromatography with Online Anion Suppression and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Arsenic speciation in rice has received attention due to its impact on food safety and human health. In this study, a sensitive method was developed for the determination of inorganic arsenic in rice using online anion suppression with ion chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. HCl of 0.01?mol/L was the optimal extracting agent, and 38?mmol/L sodium carbonate and 15?mmol/L sodium acetate were used as the mobile phase to separate dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), arsenite, monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), and arsenate. The results showed that there were no significant losses or transformations with the anion suppressor and an improvement in sensitivity. The limits of quantification were 0.1?µg/L for DMA, As(III) and MMA, and 0.2?µg/L for As(V). The procedure was used to determine inorganic arsenic in rice; As(III) and DMA were the primary forms present. The reproducibility from seven measurements showed that the relative standard deviation was less than 1.68%. The recoveries were from 99.76 to 110.42%. The present work offers a new approach for the determination of inorganic arsenic in rice.     

Controllable synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles employing substrate/dielectrophoresis/sol‐gel

Due to size‐dependent catalytic selectivity, the size and special morphology are of great importance to applications of TiO₂. The synthesis method of size and morphology control has been in need of innovation. In this study, TiO₂ nanoparticles(TiO₂‐NPs) with well‐defined morphology and homogenous size were synthesized using a novel method, in which bamboo substrate, dielectrophoresis (DEP) technology and a sol‐gel process were combined(substrate/ DEP/ sol‐gel). Powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques were used to characterize the TiO₂‐NPs. Further study showed that, with this combined method, the size and the uniformity of TiO₂‐NPs can be controlled by changing the voltage of DEP. The number and arrangement of TiO₂ nanorods can be controlled by changing the voltage. Substrate/ DEP/ sol‐gel proved to be an efficient way to form special morphologies of TiO₂‐NPs. A visible‐light catalytic activity experiment showed that among three preparation methods, the substrate/ DEP/ sol‐gel method made TiO₂‐NPs with the highest catalytic activity for degradation of methyl orange. TiO₂‐NPs produced by the DEP/ sol‐gel process presented higher catalytic activity than TiO₂‐NPs produced by only a sol‐gel process.     

利用沸腾床反应器制备碳纳米管

碳纳米管自1991年被日本NEC的Iijima发现以来,已经引起物理、化学和材料科学领域学者的广泛关注,并成为研究热点,理论和实验研究表明,碳纳米管具有独特的电学和力学性质,其导电性与管本身的直径和管的螺旋度有关,随着这些参数的变化,碳纳米管可表现出导体或半导体的性质。扬氏模量的测量表明,碳纳米管具有极高的强度,这些都预示着它具有广泛的应用前景。     

预还原催化剂LaNiO3, La4Ni3O10, La3Ni2O7和La2NiO4 催化分解CH4制碳纳米管 的研究

通过预还原的LaNiO3,La4Ni3O10,La3Ni2O7和La2NiO4催化分解CH4可以制备大量高度石墨化的碳纳米管。还原前后的催化剂的结构和组分通过X射线衍射(XRD)测定。所制得的碳纳米管由扫描电镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)表征。碳纳米管在空气在的热氧化性由热重实验(TG)测定。实验结果表明不同催化剂前驱中的La/Ni比会影响碳纳米管的管径分布和石墨化程度。La/Ni比越小,碳纳米管的管径越大,石墨化程度越高。     

在Cu-Zn-Al和Cu-Zn-Al-Li催化剂上CO/CO_2氢化制甲醇的研究(英文)

制备了Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ－Ａｌ （４／５０／５）催化剂（Ｃａｔ）和Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ－Ａｌ－Ｌｉ（４０／５０／５／５）催化剂（Ｃａｔ－Ｌｉ）．并将其分别用于由ＣＯ／Ｈ_２和ＣＯ_２／Ｈ_２合成甲醇。诸如ＴＰＤ、ＴＰＲ、ＴＰＳＲ、脉冲、ＣＤ３Ｉ－捕获、同位素标记、ＥＰＲ及原位ＤＲＩＦＴ等技术和方法被用来表征这两种催化剂及研究反应机理,对处于去氢、含氢及含氧态催化剂进行了对比研究以期阐明表面氧和表面氢对ＣＯ_２和ＣＯ活化所起的作用。提出了一个由甲酸根和甲醛氢化及甲醇氧化结果为证的ＣＯ／ＣＯ_２氢化机理。由于通过Ｌｉ 取代ＣｕＯ晶格上的Ｃｕ２＋形成的氢空位,在Ｃａｔ中添加Ｌｉ＋改善了甲醇合成活性。ＣＯ_２能被一捕获的电子（Ｆ-中心）活化,生成的ＣＯ2-能容易地被氢化成甲酸根和亚甲基双草酰,后者分解生成Ｈ２ＣＯ和表面氧。ＣＯ能被表面氧活化,生成的ＣＯ２－将遵循ＣＯ_２氢化的途径。在ＣＤ３Ｉ－捕获的实验中,我们捕获了表面氧。在无表面氧时,ＣＯ可能直接氢化成甲酸基,即ＣＯ_２氢化中的一途径。由亚甲基双草酰产生的Ｈ２ＣＯ表面模型可能与由甲醛吸附或ＣＯ氢化生成的Ｈ２ＣＯ表面模型不同。     

NO在碳纳米管(CNTs),Rh/CNTs,Rh/Al_2O_3上的分解(英文)

甲烷在预还原的ＬａＣｏＯ３催化剂上分解生成碳纳米管（ＣＮＴｓ）。研究了稳态下ＮＯ在ＣＮＴｓ,Ｒｈ／ＣＮＴｓ,Ｒｈ／Ａ１２Ｏ３上的分解,温度区间为５７３Ｋ～９７３Ｋ,原料气为６０００ｐｐｍ的ＮＯ,Ｈｅ为平衡气。程序升温还原结果表明：（１）Ｒｈ的负载显著降低了ＣＮＴｓ的氢吸收量;（２）负载于ＣＮＴｓ上的Ｒｈ比负载于Ａ１２Ｏ３上的Ｒｈ更易还原。在５７３Ｋ时ＮＯ即能与预还原后的ＣＮＴｓ,Ｒｈ／ＣＮＴＳ,Ｒｈ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３中存储的氢反应;随着氢的消耗,反应活性逐渐降低,当储存的氢消耗完后,ＮＯ的直接催化反应发生。在８７３ Ｋ及以上,Ｒｈ／ＣＮＴｓ中的ＣＮＴｓ能彼ＮＯ分解产生的氧氧化为ＣＯ。在９７３Ｋ时,ＮＯ在ＣＮＴｓ上几乎能１００％分解,连续反应１５０ｍｉｎ后其反应活性不降低,且未观察到ＣＯ或ＣＯ２的生成。在９７３Ｋ时ＣＮＴｓ本身可作为ＮＯ分解的催化剂,这是一个非常有意义的结果。     

原位还原类钙钛型复合氧化物上碳纳米管的制备(英文)

在流动床反应器上利用原位还原类钙钛复合氧化物所得纳米金属颗粒（Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ）催化裂解ＣＨ４可大量制备尺寸均一的碳纳米管。制备的碳纳米管形貌通过透射电镜（ＴＥＭ）来观察表征。电镜观察结果表明,利用不同的类钙钛型复合氧化物可以合成具有不同结构的碳纳米管。