Role of hot-electron preheating in the compression of direct-drive imploding targets with cryogenic D2 ablators

The compression of direct-drive, spherical implosions is studied using cryogenic D2 targets on the 60-beam, 351-nm OMEGA laser with intensities ranging from approximately 3x10(14) to approximately 1x10(15) W/cm2. The hard-x-ray signal from hot electrons generated by laser-plasma instabilities increases with laser intensity, while the areal density decreases. Mitigating hot-electron production, by reducing the laser intensity to approximately 3x10(14) W/cm2, results in areal density of the order of approximately 140 mg/cm2, in good agreement with 1D simulations. These results will be considered in future direct-drive-ignition designs.     

Determination of montelukast sodium by capillary electrophoresis

This work verifies the potential of CE in the analysis of significant impurities of montelukast sodium - an active ingredient for the treatment of bronchial asthma. Using 20 mM borate buffer pH 9.2 with 10 mM SDS and 10 mM (2-hydroxypropyl)-gamma-CD (2HP-gamma-CD) it was possible to separate montelukast and several impurities, including its cis-isomer, after exposure to light and oxygen. The obtained method surpasses a chromatographic method for montelukast sodium in terms of time of analysis (9 min of CE analysis vs. 35 min HPLC) and efficiency (CE offered over 900 000 theoretical plates for montelukast). Good repeatability of the method was supported by the low % RSD for the migration time of montelukast (0.53%). For the first time, the capillary electrophoretic method was employed for temporal study of the degradation of montelukast. The results showed that degradation of montelukast and the formation of the cis-isomer mainly occurred during the first 2 days of exposure, and occurred to a higher degree when there was no contact with the air (oxygen) in the exposed sample.     

On periodic solutions for even order differential equations

A class of sufficient conditions are obtained for the existence of a unique 2π$2\pi$-periodic solution of even order differential equations, employing an initial value problem.     

Synthesis and reactivity of bis(imido) uranium(VI) cyclopentadienyl complexes

The bis(imido) uranium(VI)-C(5)H(5) and -C(5)Me(5) complexes (C(5)H(5))(2)U(N(t)Bu)(2), (C(5)Me(5))(2)U(N(t)Bu)(2), (C(5)H(5))U(N(t)Bu)(2)(I)(dmpe), and (C(5)H(5))(2)U(N(t)Bu)(2)(dmpe) can be synthesized from reactions between U(N(t)Bu)(2)(I)(2)(L)(x) (L=THF, x=2; L=dmpe, x=1) and Na(C(5)R(5)) (R=H, Me); these complexes represent the first structurally characterized C(5)H(5)-compounds of uranium(VI) and they further highlight the differences between UO(2)(2+) and the bis(imido) fragment.     

Photochemical Mechanisms of Fluorophores Employed in Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy

Decoding cellular processes requires visualization of the spatial distribution and dynamic interactions of biomolecules. It is therefore not surprising that innovations in imaging technologies have facilitated advances in biomedical research. The advent of super-resolution imaging technologies has empowered biomedical researchers with the ability to answer long-standing questions about cellular processes at an entirely new level. Fluorescent probes greatly enhance the specificity and resolution of super-resolution imaging experiments. Here, we introduce key super-resolution imaging technologies, with a brief discussion on single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM). We evaluate the chemistry and photochemical mechanisms of fluorescent probes employed in SMLM. This Review provides guidance on the identification and adoption of fluorescent probes in single molecule localization microscopy to inspire the design of next-generation fluorescent probes amenable to single-molecule imaging.     

Expanding the Range of Bioorthogonal Tags for Multiplex Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy

Multiplex optical detection in live cells is challenging due to overlapping signals and poor signal-to-noise associated with some chemical reporters. To address this, the application of spectral phasor analysis to stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy for unmixing three bioorthogonal Raman probes within cells is reported. Triplex detection of a metallacarborane using the B−H stretch at 2480–2650 cm⁻¹, together with a bis-alkyne and deuterated fatty acid can be achieved within the cell-silent region of the Raman spectrum. When coupled to imaging in the high-wavenumber region of the cellular Raman spectrum, nine discrete regions of interest can be spectrally unmixed from the hyperspectral SRS dataset, demonstrating a new capability in the toolkit of multiplexed Raman imaging of live cells.     

On abstract degenerate neutral differential equations

We introduce a new abstract model of functional differential equations, which we call abstract degenerate neutral differential equations, and we study the existence of strict solutions. The class of problems and the technical approach introduced in this paper allow us to generalize and extend recent results on abstract neutral differential equations. Some examples on nonlinear partial neutral differential equations are presented.     

Recent Advances in the Deoxydehydration of Vicinal Diols and Polyols

Deoxydehydration (DODH) is one of the most promising tools to reduce the oxygen content of biomass (sugars and polyols) and provide analogues of platform chemicals that are derived from fossil resources. This reaction converts a vicinal diol into an alkene and is typically catalyzed by high‐oxidation‐state metal‐oxo compounds in the presence of a stoichiometric reductant, with examples of both homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. This minireview will highlight the developments in this field over the past 5 years and focus on efforts to solve the problems that currently prevent DODH being performed on a commercial scale, including the nature of the reductant, substrate scope and selectivity, and catalyst recovery and expense.