The development of information storage materials — How microscopy can help?

The response of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) devices depends critically on the film microstructure, with parameters such as layer thickness and interfacial abruptness being crucial. This paper presents results obtained using high resolution electron microscopy (HREM), chemical mapping and atom probe microanalysis. Local variations in the magnetic properties are induced by the microstructure and also when the films are patterned to form small elements. These lead to changes in the magnetization reversal mechanism. Some results of the studies of the magnetization reversal carried out using in situ in Lorentz transmission electron microscopy (LTEM) magnetizing experiments are also included.     

Peak effect studies in single crystals CeRu2 and 2H-NbS2

We have studied the peak effect (PE) phenomenon in single crystals of weakly pinned superconductors CeRu₂ and 2H-NbS₂. 2H-NbS₂ is iso-structural and iso-electronic to 2H-NbSe₂, whose similarity with CeRu₂ as regards the PE representing the order-to-disorder transformation of the flux line lattice was claimed some time ago. We report on the step change in equilibrium magnetization across the peak effect in CeRu₂. We also present the vortex phase diagram of 2H-NbS₂ obtained from the magnetization data, and compare the PE phenomenon in 2H-NbS₂ and 2H-NbSe₂.     

关于K个复相关矩阵相等的检验

§ 1.Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ　ＷｅａｒｅｇｉｖｅｎｋｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔＷｉｓｈａｒｔｄｅｎｓｉｔｉｅｓｏｆｔｈｅ (ｐ +ｑ)× (ｐ +ｑ)ｒａｎｄｏｍｓｙｍｍｅｔｒｉｃｐｏｓｉｔｉｖｅｄｅｆｉｎｉｔｅｍａｔｒｉｃｅｓＧ1,… ,Ｇｋｔｏｂｅｇ(Ｇｉ) =Ｋｅｘｐ -12 ｔｒＲ- 1ｉ Ｇｉ Ｇｉ12 (ｎｉ- ｑ-ｐ- 1) ,(1 )ｗｈｅｒｅｉ=1 ,… ,ｋ,ａｎｄＲｉｄｅｎｏｔｅｓｔｈｅｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎｃｏｒｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｍａｔｒｉｘｏｆｔｈｅｉ ｔｈｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎａｎｄＫａｓａｇｅｎｅｒｉｃｌｅｔｔｅｒｄｅｎｏｔｅ…     

Koecher-maaß-series for modular forms of quaternions

In this paper we demonstrate the meromorphic continuation and functional equation for Koecher-Maaß-series attached to modular forms of quaternions. The Koecher-Maaß-series associated with modular forms in the Maaß space, which are simultaneous eigenforms under all Hecke operators, possess Euler product expansions.     

Determination of α-amylase activity using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

A new method for the determination of -amylase activity in aqueous solutions and human serum with FTIR-spectroscopy is proposed. The chemical reaction catalyzed by the enzyme under study can be followed directly when applying FTIR-spectroscopic detection also in the case, where no colored or electrochemical active species are generated or consumed during the course of the reaction of -amylase with simple starch. Therefore the determination of the -amylase activity could successfully be performed by recording two FTIR-spectra, one immediately after mixing the sample and a substrate (starch-) solution and the other after a 20 min reaction time. From these two FTIR-spectra a difference spectrum was calculated hereby eliminating an unspecific absorption of the matrix. The intensities of the resulting difference spectra corresponded to the extent of the reaction which took place during the investigated time interval and hence could be related to the activity of the enzyme in the sample. The developed method is linear from 80 to 1400 U/l (r.s.d.=5% for 700 U/l) in aqueous solutions and was also successfully applied to the determination of -amylase activity in human serum where a linear working range from 100 to 800 U/l (r.s.d.=11% for 150 U/l) was achieved.