Improved Pinner Reaction with CPME as a Solvent

The classical Pinner reaction has been improved by the utilization of 4N-HCl solution in cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) as a solvent, wherein direct isolation of the product was possible by a simple filtration.     

Recovery of Phosphate from Steel Manufacture Slag by Sulfuric Acid Treatment

The sulfuric acid treatment on steel manufacture slag (SMS) was performed to recover P resource. P element in SMS was successfully removed. Final products were a solid of CaSO 4 /SiO 2 and a solution containing PO 4 3 m , Fe, Al, Mg, and Mn.     

Allenes through Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons Olefination of Alkenylphosphonates

Mono- and di-substituted allenes 5 were synthesized by successive Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination starting from methylene-bisphosphonate 1 and two carbonyl compounds. The key to success is KH or KH-18-crown-6 as a base for the second HWE olefination of hydroxyalkenylphosphonates 4 .     

Regioselective Syntheses of New Tri-and Tetrasaccharides by Transglycosylation of Trichoderma Viride β-Glucosidase

ABSTRACT

A new β-glucosidase, which was partially purified from Trichoderma viride cellulase, catalyzed a transglycosylation reaction of cellobiose to give β-D-Glcp-(1→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→4)-D-Glcp 1 and β-D-Glcp-(1→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→4)-D-Glcp 2, regioselectively. Furthermore, the enzyme converted laminaribiose and gentiobiose into β-D-Glcp-(1→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→3)-D-Glcp 3 and β-D-Glcp-(1→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→6)-D-Glcp 4, respectively. Selective β-(1→6) transglycosylation was achieved.     

Construction of peptide-vehicles,bioconjugates having modules for cancer cell surface capture and cell-penetrating peptide with anticancer agents

Recently molecular targeting therapy has been applied to cancer chemotherapy, although in some cases side-effects are not negligible. Based on our bio-detection concept, that is, protein–protein interaction can be mimicked by using peptides, a novel cell-targeting concept designated peptide-vehicle has been proposed, which has conjugates consisting of the cancer cell recognition and cell penetrating peptides with anticancer drugs. The cancer cell surface protein can be captured by a cyclotide, containing protease resistant d-cystine. A library of cell penetrating peptides has been prepared and conjugated to the cyclotide. Anticancer molecules were recovered after clinical use, which were pooled, purified, and derivatized for loading into the vehicle. The present Letter describes construction of peptide-vehicles, bioconjugates focusing on more efficiency and cancer cell selective delivery for anticancer drugs.     

Inverse electron‐demand 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions of cyclooctyne with pyridinium bis(methoxycarbonyl)methylides

Cyclooctyne underwent 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition with pyridinium bis(methoxy‐carbonyl)methylides to afford the corresponding indolizines (8‐methoxycarbonyl‐7‐azatricyclo[7.6.0.0^2‐7]pentadeca‐1,3,5,8‐tetraenes) in good to moderate yields. Some molecular orbital considerations are also described on this reaction compared with the results on the reaction of pyridinium dicyanomethylides with cyclooctyne.     

The bandwidth of a tree with k leaves is at most

The bandwidth B(G) of a finite simple graph G is the minimum of the quantity max{ƒ(x)-ƒ(y) : xy E(G)} taken over all injective integer labellings ƒ of G. We prove that if a tree T has k leaves then B(T) [k/2]. This improves the previously known upper bound B(T) V(T)/2.     

Electro‐optical behavior of ferroelectric liquid crystalline polyphenylene derivatives

Liquid crystalline (LC) polyphenylene derivatives, such as poly(para‐phenylene) (PPP), poly(meta‐phenylene) (PMP), poly(meta‐biphenylene) (PBP), and poly (meta‐terphenylene) (PTP) derivatives, were synthesized through substitution of fluorine‐containing chiral LC groups into side chains, with an aim to develop ferroelectric LC (FLC) conjugated polymers. All the polymers, except PTP, showed enantiotropic liquid crystallinities, where several types of mesophases were observed in both heating and cooling processes. Among them, PPP and PMP derivatives showed chiral smectic C (S_C*) phases responsible for ferroelectricity. In fact, they exhibited quick response to electric field, in spite of high viscosities inherent to polymers, giving rise to switching times of less than 1 s between two S_C states with reversely directed alignment. Hysteresis loops between the polarization and electric field were also observed for PPP and PMP. The spontaneous polarization (P_S) of PMP remained unchanged even after the electric field became zero, affording the residual polarization (P_R) whose value was the same as that of P_S. This indicates that PMP has a prospective memory function based on FLC nature. The present study is the first report for realizing a quick switching in macroscopic alignment using electric field and also for generating a potential memory function in π‐conjugated polymers. It is elucidated that unusual polymer main chains such as polyphenylenes can be used to prepare new ferroelectric polymers. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 3591–3610, 2008     

Photocyclization reactions. Part 1. Synthesis of dihydrobenzofuranols using photocyclization of 2-alkoxybenzaldehydes, 2′-alkoxyacetophenones, 2-formylphenoxyacetic acids and 2-acetylphenoxyacetic acids

Photocyclization reactions were carried out on 2-alkoxybenzaldehydes 1a-f , 2′-alkoxyacetophenones 2a-h , 2-formylphenoxyacetic acids 1i-l and 2-acetylphenoxyacetic acids 2i-m . Irradiation of 1a-f and 2a-h in acetonitrile gave the corresponding dihydrobenzofuranols 3, 5 and dihydroisobenzofuranols 4, 6 . Using carboxylic acids 1i-1, 2i-m as starting materials, decarboxylation occurred immediately to give the corresponding ethers 1a-d, 2a-e . Further irradiation of the solution afforded dihydrobenzofuranols 3, 5 and dihydroisobenzofuranols 4, 6 . Substituent effects on photocyclization and reaction pathways are discussed.