Spin-spin interaction between phenyl nitroxides through the σ-π system

The spin states of a series of silicon- and carbon-bridged phenyl nitroxides were examined with respect to the temperature dependent ESR and SQUID measurements. Of those, a linear relationship between the ESR signal intensity and 1/T (T = absolute temperature) and an increase of χ_molT along lowering T were observed for a compound having disilanylene-bridged m- and p-phenyl nitroxide units (Si2mp), indicating ferromagnetic spin-spin interaction in this molecule. In contrast to this, no clear intramolecular spin-spin interaction took place in the monosilanylene analogue (Si1mp). Mono- and disilanylene-bridged phenylnitroxides with p-, p- or m-, m-substitution (Si1pp,Si1mm, Si1pp, and Si2mm) exhibited the singlet ground state. The trisilanylene and siloxanylene bridges did not play an obvious role in the spin interaction, in either a ferro- or antiferromagnetic fashion, regardless of the substitution modes of the phenylenes. MO calculations on the model compounds provided a mechanistic interpretation for the high-spin interaction through the σ-π system.     

用封闭循环反应器对碳与二氧化碳气化反应中碱金属催化作用的研究

用封闭循环式反应器考察了在K_2CO_3存在下用二氧化碳气化碳的反应,并在反应进行过程中测定了吸附于焦表面的氧量,并对焦表面吸附氧量与K_2CO_3添加量和气化反应速率的关系以及反应温度和压力对焦表面吸附氧量的影响进行了研究。结果表明,反应过程中的焦表面吸附氧量与K_2CO_3添加量成正比,气化速率随反应时间的变化与焦表面吸附氧量随时间的变化具有很好的对应关系。根据实验结果,认为在反应过程中CO_2首先在催化金属形成的活性中心被解离吸附,形成表面氧化物,气化反应速率由该表面氧化物的数量决定,并认为碳与CO_2的反应是以包括有非催化反应的表面金属氧化物的氧化还原机理进行。     

Redox-photosensitized aminations of 1,2-benzo-1,3-cycloalkadienes, arylcyclopropanes, and quadricyclane with ammonia

1,2,4-Triphenylbenzene and 2,2'-methylenedioxy-1,1'-binaphthalene successfully photosensitized the aminations of 1,2-benzo-1,3-cycloalkadienes, arylcyclopropanes, and quadricyclane with ammonia and primary amines in the presence of m- or p-dicyanobenzene, which gave the 4-amino-1,2-benzocycloalkenes, 3-amino-1-arylpropanes, and 7-amino-5-(p-cyanophenyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, respectively. A key pathway for the photosensitized amination is the hole transfer from the cation radicals of the sensitizers that were generated by photoinduced electron transfer to the electron acceptors to the substrates. Therefore, it was found that the relationships in oxidation potentials between the sensitizers and the substrates and the positive charge distribution of the cation radicals of the substrates were important factors for the efficient amination.     

Coenzyme models. 15. A polymeric model system for the NADH-dependent dehydrogenase enzymes

Copolymers of 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP) and N-(p-vinylbenzyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamide (VNicH) were synthesized, and a carbonyl substrate (benzil) was reduced to alcohol in an aqueous ethanol solution in the absence and presence of metal ions (Zn²⁺ and Ni²⁺) as part of a model study of NADH-dependent enzymes. The reduction rates by VNicH in polymers were four to seven times greater than that of the corresponding monomeric analog (N-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide). Added metal ions catalyzed the reduction by VNicH-29 (VNicH content, 29 mole%) but inhibited the reduction by VNicH-9 (VNicH content, 9 mole%). It was suggested that metal catalysis occurs only when metal ions are bound closely near the dihydronicotinamide moiety.     

Oxygen atom transfer reactions from dioxygen to phosphines via a bridging sulfur dioxide in a trinuclear cluster complex of rhenium, [(Ph(3)P)(2)N][Re(3)(mu(3)-S)(mu-S)(2)(mu-SO(2))Cl(6)(PMe(2)Ph)(3)

A trinuclear rhenium sulfide cluster complex, [(Ph(3)P)(2)N][Re(3)(mu(3)-S)(mu-S)(3)Cl(6)(PMe(2)Ph)(3)], synthesized from Re(3)S(7)Cl(7), dimethylphenylphosphine, and [(Ph(3)P)(2)N]Cl is readily converted to a bridging SO(2) complex, [(Ph(3)P)(2)N][Re(3)(mu(3)-S)(mu-S)(2)(mu-SO(2))Cl(6)(PMe(2)Ph)(3)], by reaction with O(2). The oxygen atoms on the SO(2) ligand react with phosphines or phosphites to form phosphine oxides or phosphates, and the original cluster complex is recovered. The reaction course has been monitored by (31)P NMR as well as by UV-vis spectroscopy. The catalytic oxygenation of PMePh(2) in the presence of the SO(2) complex shows that turnovers are 8 per hour at 23 degrees C in CDCl(3). The X-ray structures of the cluster complexes are described.     

Fluorine-containing amino acids and their derivatives. 6. An efficient synthesis of β-fluorinated alanines via fluorohalomethylation of aminomalonates

Aminomalonates, e.g., $\text{1}$ and $\text{2}$, smoothly reacted with difluoro- and chlorofluorocarbene to produce the adducts ($\text{3}$, $\text{4}$, and $\text{5}$) in good yields. These products were successfully converted to various versatile β-fluorinated alanine derivatives, i.e., β,β-difluoroalanine ($\text{6}$), N-acyl-β-fluorodehydroalaninate ($\text{7}$), and fluoropyruvic acid ($\text{8}$).     

n-type organic field-effect transistors with very high electron mobility based on thiazole oligomers with trifluoromethylphenyl groups

Novel thiazole oligomers and thiazole/thiophene co-oligomers with trifluoromethylphenyl groups were developed as n-type semiconductors for OFETs. They showed excellent n-type performances with high electron mobilities. A 5,5'-bithiazole with trifluoromethylphenyl groups forms a closely packed two-dimensional columnar structure leading to a high performance n-type FET. The electron mobility was enhanced to 1.83 cm2/Vs on the OTS-treated substrate.     

Facile and rapid entry to functionalized and optically active pyrans from tartaric acid by way of 6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]Octanes. Application to the synthesis of (−)-(6s,1′s)-pestalotin

Optically active 7-exo-substituted-3-p-tosyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]-octanes prepared from (+)-(R,R)-diethyl tartrate in four or five steps sequence effectively utilizing the inherent C₂ symmetry of tartrate, underwent acetolysis to lead to the new type of functionalized and optically active 3,4-dihydro-2Hpyrans in high yields. An application to the unambiguous synthesis of (-)-(6S,1′S)-pestalotin is reported.     

Synthesis of 8-methylpyrido[2,3-d:6,5-d'x]dipyrimidine-2,4,6(3H,10H,7H)-triones and their use in the oxidation of alcohols

A new-type pyridodipyrimide, 8-methylpyrido[2,3-d:6,5-d']dipyrimidine-2,4,6(3H,10H,7H)-triones were prepared by the condensation of 6-alkyl- or 6-aryl-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-4(3H)-ones with 2,4,6-trichloropyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde or 3-alkyl-6-chloro-5-formyluracils. The pyridodipyrimidines thus obtained oxidized alcohols under neutral conditions to yield the corresponding carbonyl compounds and a significant autorecycling in the oxidation was observed.     

Role of stress in the self-limiting oxidation of copper nanoparticles

The oxidation process of Cu nanoparticles has been investigated by means of an in-situ X-ray diffraction method. A self-limiting oxidation process involving an unusually drastic decrease (about 4 orders in magnitude) in the oxidation rate was observed at 298 K, whereas a non-self-limiting oxidation emerged at 323 K with a rate of at least 4 orders in magnitude faster than 298 K. The drastic slowing at 298 K and the big differences between the two close temperatures in the oxidation kinetics were found to be directly correlated to whether the compressive stress in the Cu(2)O(111) layers that commensurately formed on the Cu(111) surface is relaxed or not.