HAMILTON OPERATORS AND HOMOTHETIC MOTIONS IN R3

IntroductionPfaff[1]hasbeendefinedaquaternionproductonleaf (theplanecontainingtheOx_axis) .Byaidoftheproduct,anewproductisdefinedonplaneswhichpassesthroughtheorigindonotcontaintheOx_axisandsomeofthepropertiesofthisproducthavebeeninvestigated .Agrawal[2 ]gavesomealgebricpropertiesofHamiltonoperators.Also ,quaternionswereexpressedintermsof 4× 4matricesbymeansoftheseoperators.Yayli[3]gavehomotheticmotionswithaidoftheHamiltonoperatorsatE4 .Hacisalihoglu[4 ]showedthatallHomotheticmotionsinn_di…     

Estimation of stochastic nonlinear dynamic response of rock-fill dams with uncertain material parameters for non-stationary random seismic excitation

This research investigates the effect of uncertain material parameters on the stochastic, dynamic response of a rock-fill dam-foundation system subjected to non-stationary random excitation. The uncertain material parameter of particular interest is the shear modulus, developed from a lognormal distribution model. The stochastic seismic response model of the dam-foundation system, with uncertain material parameters and subjected to random loads is the result of a Monte Carlo simulation method. The nonlinear behavior model arises from an equivalent linear method, which considers the nonlinear variation of soil shear modulus and soil damping as a function of shear strain. Specification of the non-stationary stochastic process arises from a simulation method, which generates artificial earthquake accelerograms obtained from the product of a deterministic function of time and a stationary process. The artificial earthquake ground acceleration records reflect the characteristics of soft, medium and firm soil types. Comparison of the numerical results from these approaches provides stochasticity in earthquake seismic excitation and randomness in material parameter (shear modulus) cases. Further, the results indicate that both these cases generally influence the nonlinear dynamic response of rock-fill dams to a non-stationary seismic excitation.     

A first-principles studies on TlX (X=P, As)

We present an ab initio study of the structural, electronic and thermodynamic properties of TlX(X=P,As). The plane-wave pseudopotential approach to the density-functional theory within the LDA and GGA approximations implemented in VASP (Viena Ab-initio Simulation Package) is used. The calculated lattice parameter, elastic constants, and band structures are compared with other available theoretical results, and good agreement is obtained. In addition, we have calculated the transition pressure (P _t ) from zinc-blende (ZB) to (rock-salt) NaCl structures, and have examined some thermodynamic properties.      

Pulsed Deposited Manganese and Vanadium Oxide Film Modified with Carbon Nanotube and Gold Nanoparticle: Chitosan and Ionic Liquid‐based Biosensor

Present study describes the synthesis of mixed oxide films of manganese and vanadium by electrochemical pulsed deposition technique on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). The film was further decorated with gold nanoparticles to enhance the reduction signal of dissolved oxygen in pH 5.17 acetate buffer solution. All of the electrochemical synthesized modified electrodes have been characterized with Scanning electron microscopy(SEM), High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X‐Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X‐Ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The electrode obtained (AuNPs/MnOx?VOx/CNT/GCE) was utilized as a platform for glucose biosensor where the glucose oxidase enzyme was immobilized on the composite film with the aid of chitosan and an ionic liquid. The electrochemical performance of the biosensor was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and the relative parameters have been optimized by amperometric measurements in pH 5.17 acetate buffer solution. The developed biosensor exhibited a linear range for glucose between 0.1–1.0 mM and the limit of detection was calculated as 0.02 mM.     

Development of food products

Food production entails a series of steps and operations that convert raw biomass into final products suitable for human consumption. Along the production chain, an enormous amount of side stream is generated. On one side, these represent a burden for the producers due to related disposal issues. On the other hand, many side streams are recognised as a valuable mass containing broad variety of health beneficial and functional ingredients. Besides being a valuable source for extraction of single compounds, direct conversion of side streams into products would save huge amount of effort and resources. Selection of the side stream and processing technology have direct impact on important quality attributes, process efficiency and sustainability. This review summarises studies performed within the last 3 years, focusing on possibilities of various sources, such as fruits, vegetables, dairy, meat, fish, coffee production, as well as new alternative ingredients insects, algae, grass and microorganisms. Finally, consumer perception and legal status are shortly addressed.     

Atomic layer deposited HfO2 based metal insulator semiconductor GaN ultraviolet photodetectors

A report on GaN based metal insulator semiconductor (MIS) ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors (PDs) with atomic layer deposited (ALD) 5-nm-thick HfO₂ insulating layer is presented. Very low dark current of 2.24 × 10⁻¹¹ A and increased photo to dark current contrast ratio was achieved at 10 V. It was found that the dark current was drastically reduced by seven orders of magnitude at 10 V compared to samples without HfO₂ insulating layer. The observed decrease in dark current is attributed to the large barrier height which is due to introduction of HfO₂ insulating layer and the calculated barrier height was obtained as 0.95 eV. The peak responsivity of HfO₂ inserted device was 0.44 mA/W at bias voltage of 15 V.     

Standing on the shoulders of Hermann Staudinger: Post‐polymerization modification from past to present

With a span as long as the history of polymer science itself, post‐polymerization modification represents a versatile platform for the preparation of diversely functionalized polymers from a single precursor. Starting with the initial efforts by Staudinger in the 1920s, many of the early developments in modern polymer science can be attributed to the utilization of post‐polymerization modification reactions. The scope of post‐polymerization modification has greatly expanded since the 1990s due to the development of functional group tolerant controlled/living polymerization techniques combined with the (re)discovery of highly efficient coupling chemistries that allow quantitative, chemoselective, and orthogonal functionalization of reactive polymer precursors. After some basic mechanistic considerations, this Highlight will provide an overview of the development and evolution of eight main classes of post‐polymerization modification reactions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013     

A Simple and Low-Cost Electrochemical Immunosensor for Ultrasensitive Determination of Calreticulin Biomarker in Human Serum

An early on time detection of breast cancer significantly affects the treatment process and outcome. Herein, a new label-free impedimetric biosensor is developed to determine the lowest change in the level of calreticulin (CALR), which is a new biomarker of breast carcinoma. The proposed immunosensor is fabricated by using reduced graphene oxide/amino substituted polypyrrole polymer (rGO-PPyNH₂) nanocomposite modified disposable electrode. The anti-CALR antibodies are first attached on the rGO-PPyNH₂ nanocomposite coated electrode through glutaraldehyde crosslinking; the CALR antigens are then immobilized with the addition of CALR antigens to form an immunocomplex on the sensing surface. This immunocomplex induces considerably larger interfacial electron transport resistance (R_ct). The variation in the R_ct has a linear relationship with CALR level in the detection range of 0.025 to 75 pg mL⁻¹, with a detection limit of 10.4 fg mL⁻¹. The suggested biosensor shows high selectivity to CALR, good storage stability (at least 5 weeks) and suitable reproducibility results as shown in quality control chart. The designed immunosensor is utilized to analyze CALR levels in human sera with satisfying results. This immunosensor provides a novel way for the clinical determination of CALR and other cancer biological markers.     

Photoionization Cross Section for H@Cn${\text{H@C}}_{n}$ Implanted in Nonideal Classical Plasmas

In this study, photoionization cross sections of guest hydrogen atom in endohedral fullerene (${\text{H@C}}_n$) modeled by the Woods–Saxon confinement potential implanted in the nonideal classical plasma (NICP) under spherical confinement are reported for the first time in the related literature. The relevant wave equation is solved numerically via the tridiagonal matrix method and then the energy levels, bound and continuum wave functions are interpreted. Plasma effect is examined by considering plasma temperature and density and is evaluated in the photoionization process. Since the plasma modifies the discrete and continuum spectra by changing the potential energy of hydrogen atom, it closely affects the overlapping of the wave functions of ground state and continuum state. This effect has a distinct response on photoionization resonances. Using different values of endohedral confinement parameters, which means regarding different types of fullerenes, detailed analysis of energy levels, bound and continuum wave functions, and photoionization cross sections are provided by evaluating confinement width, depth, smoothing effect and distance from the spherical encompassement center. The photoionization process of ${\text{H@C}}_n$ implanted in the NICP (nonideal classical plasma) is highly sensitive to both plasma and endohedral confinement. At this sensitivity, Cooper resonance character is like an encoder for fullerene structure.