Large-Deviation Local Theorem for Additive Functionals of a Markov Gaussian Field. II

This paper is a continuation of [1].     

On the geometry of Kawaguchi spaces

In the paper, with the use of the E. Cartan exterior forms method, the theory of linear and affine connections of the generalized Kawaguchi space of order two is constructed. It is proved that the linear connection of this space incorporates intrinsic antiquaternional structures, the conditions of their complete integrability are found, and the affine connections associated with the above-mentioned structures are constructed. Translated from Lietuvos Matematikos Rinkinys, Vol. 40, No. 3, pp. 321–334, July–September, 2000. Translated by R. Lapinskas     

Determination of Organic Compounds,Fulvic Acid,Humic Acid,and Humin in Peat and Sapropel Alkaline Extracts

Black, brown, and light peat and sapropel were analyzed as natural sources of organic and humic substances. These specific substances are applicable in industry, agriculture, the environment, and biomedicine with well-known and novel approaches. Analysis of the organic compounds fulvic acid, humic acid, and humin in different peat and sapropel extracts from Lithuania was performed in this study. The dominant organic compound was bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyl) carbonate, which varied from 6.90% to 25.68% in peat extracts. The highest mass fraction of malonic acid amide was in the sapropel extract; it varied from 12.44% to 26.84%. Significant amounts of acetohydroxamic, lactic, and glycolic acid derivatives were identified in peat and sapropel extracts. Comparing the two extraction methods, it was concluded that active maceration was more efficient than ultrasound extraction in yielding higher amounts of organic compounds. The highest amounts of fulvic acid (1%) and humic acid and humin (15.3%) were determined in pure brown peat samples. This research on humic substances is useful to characterize the peat of different origins, to develop possible aspects of standardization, and to describe potential of the chemical constituents.