Compatible additive permutations of finite integral bases

Let be an additive permutation of a finite integral base. It is shown that ifB is symmetric, then there is a unique additive permutation ofB which is compatible with in the sense that ^–1 is also an additive permutation; and that, further, ifB is asymmetric, then there is no additive permutation ofB which is compatible with. Thus, in the symmetric case, there are no additively compatible sets (of permutations) forB of size greater than 3. This contrasts with the situation for completely compatible sets (equivalently, additive sequences of permutations) where for certainB compatible sets of size (resp. length) 4 or less are known, but where nothing is known of sets of greater size (resp. length). It is also noted how this result restricts the possibility of a useful multiplication theorem for the additive analogue of perfect systems of difference sets and graceful graphs.     

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and differential capacitance study of thiol-functional polysiloxane films on gold supports

Polymeric molecules containing multiple thiol groups (polythiols) provide tenacious attachment to metal surfaces such as gold. Polythiol films are also well suited for subsequent derivatization with biomacromolecules through remnant free thiol groups of the film. In this study, 1-3 nm thick layers of a commercial polythiol, poly((mercaptopropyl)methylsiloxane) (PMPMS), are investigated with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. XPS is used to reveal the surface coverage of thiolate-Au bonds between the polythiol and the metal support, which is found to be approximately 30% lower than that in alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers. The surface density of thiolate-Au bonds did not depend on film thickness provided sufficient PMPMS material was present. Differential capacitance measurements show that the effective dielectric barrier presented by PMPMS films under aqueous environments corresponds closely to their physical thickness, with even approximately 1 nm films remaining impermeable to electrolyte species. Modification of the films with an oligoethylene glycol compound was also examined, in anticipation of future applications in label-free, impedance-based biomolecular diagnostics.     

Total Synthesis of Several 8, 8",-Biflavones

8,8"-Biflavonoidsareantw0rtantclass0fbiflavonoids.Asasystematicresearchofthe8,8"-biflav0noids,wehavepreviouslyreportedthestudyonthereactionof2'-hydroxychaloneswithl2-H2SO4-DMSOsystem.'InthispaPer,thesynthesisof5,5",7,7',-tetTameth0xy-8,8"-biflavonela2,4,4",7,7"-tetramethoxy-8,8"-biflavone1b',4',4",,5,5,',7,7"-hexamethoxy-8,8"-biflav0ne1c4and4,4"-dibenZyl0xy-5,5",7,7"-tetramothoxy-8,8"-biflavoneldisreported.ThesyntheticmethodisshownintheSchemebelow.2-Hydroxyacet0phenonescondensedwithsubsti…     

Broadband and band-selective IMPRESS-gHMBC: compensation of refocusing inefficiency with synchronized inversion sweep

Compensation of refocusing inefficiency in a gHMBC experiment by replacing the rectangular pi pulse with a pair of adiabatic pulses with synchronized inversion sweep (CRISIS) significantly improves the performance of the gHMBC experiment. The CRISIS-gHMBC experiment retains the pure absorptive shapes in F1 and hence results in better lineshape and higher resolution than the current versions of magnitude mode gHMBC spectra. When used as a broadband experiment, CRISIS-gHMBC, owing to better refocusing efficiency of the adiabatic pulse pairs, gives improved performance across the 13C spectral width. Moreover, it is shown that CRISIS-gHMBC is a robust and improved alternative and when used along with the IMPRESS (Improved Resolution using Symmetrically Shifted pulses) technique further increases the sensitivity and resolution without additional experimental time. The IMPRESS-CRISIS combination is demonstrated for broadband gHMBC and band-selective gHMBC experiments. The ICbs-gHMBC [IMPRESS-CRISIS-band-selective gHMBC] experiment is an attractive and better alternative to individual band-selective gHMBC.     

Characterization of amyloidogenic immunoglobulin light chains directly from serum by on-line immunoaffinity isolation

Primary systemic amyloidosis (AL) is characterized by the overproduction of immunoglobulin light chain proteins by a monoclonal, terminally differentiated B-lymphocyte or plasma cell clone. The free immunoglobulin light chains are deposited in an abnormal conformation as amyloid in a variety of organs in the body. The mechanism of amyloid formation is not well understood, but appears to be associated with some form of cleavage of the immunoglobulin light chain with subsequent aggregate formation. In an attempt to characterize the structure of amyloid-forming light chain proteins we developed an on-line immunoaffinity purification and subsequent characterization of free kappa and free lambda immunoglobulin light chains by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The methodology is totally automated and requires 20 micro L of serum. Mass spectral analysis of Bence Jones proteins under non-denaturing conditions was also utilized to examine the tertiary and quaternary structure of light chain proteins and clearly shows covalent dimer formation of lambda type light chain. This type of on-line assay may prove helpful in elucidating distinguishing features capable of discriminating AL from benign monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance as well as diagnosing AL.     

Molecular and crystal structures of ruthenium and osmium arene clusters

The molecular and crystal structures of a number of ruthenium and osmium clusters of nuclearity between three and six containing arene fragments such as C₆H₆, C₆H₃Me₃, C₆H₄Me₂ and C₆H₅Me have been investigated. Attention has been focused on the relationship between the terminal ( ⁶-coordination) and face-capping ( ₃: ²: ²: ²-coordination) bonding modes. Empirical packing potential energy calculations have been employed to investigate the intermolecular organization in the crystal. It has been shown that the arene fragments in mono-arene clusters form ribbons, while in bis-arene clusters graphitic-like interactions throughout the crystal are established. The factors controlling the ease of arene reorientational motion in the solid state has also been investigated in relation to the shape, size and geometry of the molecules and of their interlocking modes.